Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

Upland Software disclosed 48 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Upland Software reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q2, 2024

Risk Distribution

40% Finance & Corporate

21% Tech & Innovation

17% Legal & Regulatory

13% Macro & Political

8% Ability to Sell

2% Production

Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

2020

S&P500 Average

Sector Average

Risks removed

Risks added

Risks changed

Upland Software Risk Factors

New Risk (0)

Risk Changed (0)

Risk Removed (0)

No changes from previous report

The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q2, 2024

Main Risk Category

Finance & Corporate

With 19 Risks

Finance & Corporate

With 19 Risks

Number of Disclosed Risks

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 31

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 31

Recent Changes

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since Jun 2024

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since Jun 2024

Number of Risk Changed

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 3

No changes from last report

S&P 500 Average: 3

See the risk highlights of Upland Software in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 48

Finance & Corporate

Total Risks: 19/48 (40%)Below Sector Average

Share Price & Shareholder Rights6 | 12.5%

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1

The market price of our common stock may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses for investors.

The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include: - actual or anticipated changes in the estimates of our operating results that we provide to the public, our failure to meet these projections or changes in recommendations by securities analysts that elect to follow our common stock;- price and volume fluctuations in the overall equity markets from time to time;- significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of comparable companies;- changes in the market perception of software generally or in the effectiveness of our applications in particular;- disruptions in our services due to computer hardware, software or network problems;- announcements of technological innovations, new products, strategic alliances or significant agreements by us or by our competitors;- announcements of new customer agreements or upgrades and customer downgrades or cancellations or delays in customer purchases;- litigation involving us;- our ability to successfully consummate and integrate acquisitions;- investors' general perception of us;- recruitment or departure of key personnel;- sales of our common stock by us or our stockholders;- fluctuations in the trading volume of our shares or the size of our public float; and - general economic, legal, industry and market conditions and trends unrelated to our performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. Because of the potential volatility of our stock price, we may become the target of securities litigation in the future. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could result in substantial costs, divert management's attention and resources from our business and adversely affect our business.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2

We cannot guarantee that our stock repurchase program will be fully implemented or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value.

On September 1, 2023 and October 31, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the Stock Repurchase Plan (as defined in Note 13. Stockholders' Equity) in the aggregate amount of up to $15,000,000 and $10,000,000, respectively, for a total of $25,000,000 authorized, which allows the Company to repurchase shares of its issued and outstanding Common Stock, from time to time in the open market or otherwise including pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan and in compliance with Rule10b-18 under the Exchange Act. Our repurchase program does not have an expiration date and we are not obligated to repurchase a specified number or dollar value of shares. Further, our stock repurchase program may be accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time. Even if fully implemented, our stock repurchase program may not enhance long-term stockholder value. In addition, the Inflation Reduction Act, signed into law on August 16, 2022, imposes an excise tax of 1% (potentially increasing to 4% under certain U.S. tax proposals) on certain corporate stock repurchases. As of December 31, 2023, we have repurchased 3,245,100 shares of our common stock for a total cost of $14.2 million, inclusive of commissions and excise tax.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3

The fundamental change redemption feature of our Series A Preferred Stock may make it more difficult for a party to take over our company or discourage a party from taking over our company.

Upon a "Fundamental Change" (involving a change of control as further described in the certificate of designation governing our Series A Preferred Stock), each holder of Series A Preferred Stock shall have the right to require us to redeem all or any part of the holder's Series A Preferred Stock for an amount equal to greater of (i) the sum of 105% of the Liquidation Preference and a customary make-whole amount, and (ii) the amount that such Holder would have received had such Holder, immediately prior to such "Fundamental Change," converted the Holder's Series A Preferred Stock into common stock, without regard to the Issuance Limitation. The mandatory redemption option conferred to holders of our Series A Preferred Stock upon certain events constituting a Fundamental Change (involving a change of control) under the Series A Preferred Stock, may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for our company or of delaying, deferring or preventing certain change of control transactions of our company under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price or that stockholders may otherwise believe is in their best interests.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement (as defined herein), we have issued shares of our Series A Preferred Stock that ranks senior to our common stock in priority of distribution rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and has additional corporate governance rights.

On July 14, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with Ulysses Aggregator, LP (the "Purchaser"), an affiliate of HGGC, LLC, to issue and sell at closing 115,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, at a price of $1,000 per share (the "Initial Liquidation Preference") for an aggregate purchase price of $115.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, we had 115,000 shares of newly designated Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends payable quarterly in arrears, which may be paid, at our option, in cash or by increasing the Liquidation Preference (as defined below) of each share of Series A Preferred Stock by the amount of the applicable dividend. The holders of Series A Preferred Stock (each, a "Holder" and collectively, the "Holders") will be entitled to dividends (i) at the rate of 4.5% per annum until but excluding the seven year anniversary of the Closing, and (ii) at the rate of 7% per annum on and after the seven year anniversary of the Closing. Our ability to pay cash dividends is subject to the restrictions under our existing credit agreement. The Series A Preferred Stock has no mandatory conversion feature and is a perpetual security. Although we have the ability to redeem the shares of Series A Preferred Stock beginning on the date that is seven years from the Closing date, we may be unable to do so at that time, and we will be forced to pay the higher dividend rate of 7% per annum until the time that the holders of Series A Preferred Stock convert their shares into shares of common stock or we obtain sufficient capital to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock. The Series A Preferred Stock ranks senior to our common stock with respect to distribution rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, on parity with any class or series of our capital stock expressly designated as ranking on parity with the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to distribution rights and rights upon our upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, junior to any class or series of our capital stock expressly designated as ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to distribution rights and rights upon our upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up and junior in right of payment to our existing and future indebtedness. Further, upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our Series A Preferred Stock will receive a distribution of our available assets before common stockholders in an amount equal to (i) the Initial Liquidation Preference, plus (ii) any accrued and unpaid dividends on such share of Series A Preferred Stock to, but excluding, the date of payment of such amounts (the "Liquidation Preference"). The holders of Series A Preferred Stock generally are entitled to vote with the holders of our common stock on all matters submitted for a vote of holders of our common stock (voting together with the holders of our common stock as one class) on an as-converted basis. In addition, so long as the Purchaser and its affiliates beneficially own in the aggregate at least 5% of the shares of our common stock on a fully diluted basis including the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, voting as a single class, are entitled to nominate and elect one individual to serve on our board of directors. In addition, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class, will have the right to elect, for so long as the Purchaser and its affiliates own in the aggregate at least 10% of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock (or common stock into which it is convertible) outstanding as of the Closing, one non-voting observer to our board of directors. Such governance rights may grant the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock additional control rights, which may impact our ability to run our business, and may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. Upon issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, holders of our common stock will experience dilution of both economic and voting rights, and, because we may pay dividends in kind by increasing the liquidation value of each share of Series A Preferred Stock, holders of common stock will be further diluted at each regular dividend payment date.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5

Anti-takeover provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, might discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or changes in our board of directors or management and, therefore, depress the trading price of our common stock.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as amended and restated, will contain provisions that may depress the market price of our common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares of our common stock. These provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove members of our board of directors or our management. These provisions include the following: - our certificate of incorporation provides for a classified board of directors with staggered three-year terms so that not all members of our board of directors are elected at one time;- directors may be removed by stockholders only for cause;- our board of directors has the right to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;- special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by our Chief Executive Officer, our board of directors or holders of not less than the majority of our issued and outstanding capital stock limiting the ability of minority stockholders to take certain actions without an annual meeting of stockholders;- our stockholders may not act by written consent unless the action to be effected and the taking of such action by written consent are approved in advance by our board of directors and, as a result, a holder, or holders, controlling a majority of our capital stock would generally not be able to take certain actions without holding a stockholders' meeting;- our certificate of incorporation prohibits cumulative voting in the election of directors. This limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;- stockholders must provide timely notice to nominate individuals for election to the board of directors or to propose matters that can be acted upon at an annual meeting of stockholders and, as a result, these provisions may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer's own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us; and - our board of directors may issue, without stockholder approval, shares of undesignated preferred stock, making it possible for our board of directors to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to acquire us. As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which limits the ability of stockholders owning in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from engaging in certain business combinations with us. Any provision of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock. The existence of the foregoing provisions and anti-takeover measures could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. They could also deter potential acquirers of our company, thereby reducing the likelihood that you could receive a premium for your common stock in an acquisition.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6

If securities or industry analysts do not publish, or cease publishing, research or reports about us, our business or our market, if they publish negative evaluations of our stock, or if we fail to meet the expectations of analysts, the price of our stock and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If few analysts commence coverage of us, the trading price of our stock would likely decrease if one or more of the analysts covering our business downgrade their evaluation of our stock, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover our stock, we could lose visibility in the market for our stock, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline. Furthermore, if our operating results fail to meet analysts' expectations our stock price would likely decline.

Accounting & Financial Operations8 | 16.7%

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate in the future. As a result, we may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of research analysts or investors, which could cause our stock price to decline, and you may lose part or all of your investment.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. If our quarterly operating results or outlook fall below the expectations of research analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2

Certain of our operating results and financial metrics are difficult to predict as a result of seasonality.

We have historically experienced seasonality in terms of when we enter into customer agreements. We sign a significantly higher percentage of agreements with new customers, and renew agreements with existing customers, in the fourth quarter of each calendar year as our customers tend to follow budgeting cycles at the end of the calendar year. Our cash flow from operations has historically been higher in the first quarter of each calendar year than in other quarters. This seasonality is reflected to a much lesser extent, and sometimes is not immediately apparent, in our revenue, due to the fact that we defer revenue recognition. In addition, seasonality may be difficult to observe in our financial results during periods in which we acquire businesses, as such results typically are most significantly impacted by such acquisitions. We expect this seasonality to continue, or possibly increase in the future, which may cause fluctuations in our operating results and financial metrics. If our quarterly operating results or outlook fall below the expectations of research analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 3

Because we do not expect to pay any dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future, our investors may never receive a return on their investment.

We do not anticipate that we will pay any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Instead, we plan to retain any earnings to maintain and expand our existing operations. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends is currently limited by the terms of our existing Credit Facility (as defined herein), which prohibits our payment of dividends on our capital stock without prior consent, and any future credit facility may contain terms prohibiting or limiting the amount of dividends that may be declared or paid on our common stock. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any return on their investment.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 4

We may be required to record charges to future earnings if our Goodwill or Intangible Assets become impaired.

Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") require us to assess Goodwill for impairment at least annually. In addition, we assess our Goodwill and Intangible Assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Depending on the results of our review, we could be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or intangible assets were determined, negatively impacting our results of operations. See "Note 5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our first quarter 2023 and fourth quarter 2022 Goodwill impairments.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 5

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had total net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $304.2 million consisting of $256.0 million and $48.2 million related to the U.S. federal and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, respectively. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, the Company had research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $4.0 million. The U.S. federal net operating loss and credit carryforwards will expire beginning in 2024, if not utilized. The annual limitation will result in the expiration of approximately $155.0 million of U.S. federal net operating losses and $4.0 million of credit carryforwards before utilization. $48.0 million of foreign net operating loss carryforwards carry forward indefinitely, and the remainder will expire beginning in 2041. Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, if a corporation undergoes an "ownership change," the corporation's ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income and taxes may be limited. In general, an "ownership change" occurs if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by "5% shareholders" that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules apply under state tax laws. Based on analysis of acquired net operating losses and credits, utilization of our net operating losses and research and development credits will be subject to annual limitations. The annual limitation will result in the expiration of $155.0 million of federal net operating losses and $4.0 million of research and development credit carryforwards before utilization. In the event that it is determined that we have in the past experienced additional ownership changes, or if we experience one or more ownership changes as a result of future transactions in our stock, then we may be further limited in our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax assets to reduce taxes owed on the net taxable income that we earn. Any such limitations on the ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax assets could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operating results. As noted below, we entered into a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan in an effort to preserve our net operating loss carryforwards but cannot ensure that the plan will provide for full or partial utilization of our net operating losses.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 6

If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, and the market price of our common stock may be negatively affected.

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and that our independent registered public accounting firm issue an attestation report annually regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting in the past and if we have a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis, and our financial statements may be materially misstated. We may need additional finance and accounting personnel with certain skill sets to assist us with the reporting requirements we will encounter as a public company and to support our anticipated growth. In addition, implementing internal controls may distract our officers and employees, entail substantial costs to modify our existing processes, and take significant time to complete. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, if we are unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports; the market price of our common stock could be negatively affected; and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 7

Perpetual license revenue is unpredictable, and a material increase or decrease in perpetual license revenue from period to period can produce substantial variation in the total revenue and earnings we recognize in a given period.

Perpetual license revenue reflects the revenue recognized from sales of perpetual licenses relating to our workflow automation and enterprise content management applications to new customers and additional licenses for such applications to existing customers. We generally recognize the license fee portion of the arrangement at the time of delivery. Perpetual licenses of our workflow automation and enterprise content management applications are sold through third-party resellers, and as such, the timing of sales of perpetual licenses is difficult to predict with the timing of recognition of associated revenue unpredictable. A material increase or decrease in the sale of perpetual licenses from period to period could produce substantial variation in the revenue we recognize. Accordingly, comparing our perpetual license revenue on a period to period basis may not be a meaningful indicator of a trend or future results.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 8

Because we generally recognize revenue from our customers over the terms of their agreements, downturns or upturns in our business may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.

We recognize revenue from customer agreements over the terms of these agreements. As a result, a significant portion of the revenue we report in each quarter is generated from customer agreements entered into during previous periods, which is reflected as deferred revenue on our balance sheet. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed agreements, or a downgrade of renewed agreements to fewer seats or less minimum contracted volume, in any one quarter may not be fully reflected in our revenue in that quarter. Such a decline, however, will negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our applications, and potential changes in our pricing policies or rates of renewals, may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. Similarly, it would be difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through new sales, renewals, and upgrades of existing customer agreements, or through additional cross-selling opportunities, in a given period due to the timing of revenue recognition inherent in our subscription model.

Debt & Financing3 | 6.3%

Debt & Financing - Risk 1

Our Credit Facility contains operating and financial covenants that may restrict our business and financing activities.

Our obligations under our Credit Facility are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our assets and assets of the co-borrowers' and of any guarantors, including intellectual property. The terms of the Credit Facility limit, among other things, our ability to - Incur additional indebtedness or guarantee indebtedness of others;- Create liens on their assets;- Make investments, including certain acquisitions;- Enter into mergers or consolidations;- Dispose of assets;- Pay dividends and make other distributions on the Company's capital stock, and redeem and repurchase the Company's capital stock;- Enter into transactions with affiliates; and - Prepay indebtedness or make changes to certain agreements. Furthermore, the Credit Facility requires us and our subsidiaries to comply with certain financial covenants if greater than 35% of revolving credit facility is drawn. The operating and other restrictions and covenants in the Credit Facility, and in any future financing arrangements that we may enter into, may restrict our ability to finance our operations, engage in certain business activities, or expand or fully pursue our business strategies, or otherwise limit our discretion to manage our business. Our ability to comply with these restrictions and covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to meet those restrictions and covenants. A breach of any of the restrictions and covenants could result in a default under the loan facility or any future financing arrangements, which could cause any outstanding indebtedness under the loan facility or under any future financing arrangements to become immediately due and payable, and result in the termination of commitments to extend further credit.

Debt & Financing - Risk 2

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations and interest expense to increase significantly.

At December 31, 2023, the total outstanding indebtedness under our Credit Facility (as defined herein) was $482.1 million. Interest rates may remain at existing levels or may further increase in the near term which could cause our debt service obligations and interest expense to increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, could correspondingly decrease. We have floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements in order to reduce interest rate volatility in connection with $258.5 million of the outstanding term debt on our Credit Facility, but $223.5 million of our outstanding term debt and all our $60.0 million Revolver (as defined herein), which remains undrawn, are not currently subject to any interest rate instruments.

Debt & Financing - Risk 3

We may need financing in the future, and any additional financing may result in restrictions on our operations or substantial dilution to our stockholders. We may seek to renegotiate or refinance our loan facility, and we may be unable to do so on acceptable terms or at all.

We have funded our operations since inception primarily through equity financings, cash from operations, and cash available under our loan facility. We may need to raise funds in the future, for example, to expand our business, acquire complementary businesses, develop new technologies, respond to competitive pressures, or react to unanticipated situations. We may try to raise additional funds through public or private financings, strategic relationships, or other arrangements. Our ability to obtain debt or equity funding will depend on a number of factors, including market conditions, our operating performance, and investor interest. In addition, under the terms of our Series A Preferred Stock, holders of our Series A Preferred Stock have certain approval rights over additional financings. Additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to reduce expenditures, including curtailing our growth strategies, reducing our product-development efforts, or foregoing acquisitions. If we succeed in raising additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible securities, it could result in substantial dilution to existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt securities or preferred stock, these new securities would have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. In addition, any debt financing obtained by us in the future or issuance of preferred stock could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. For example, our Series A Preferred Stock contains a number of restrictive covenants. See "-Risks Related to Our Common Stock." Additionally, we may need to renegotiate the terms of our loan facility, and our lender may be unwilling to do so, or may agree to such changes subject to additional restrictive covenants on our operations and ability to raise capital.

Corporate Activity and Growth2 | 4.2%

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1

Mergers of, or other strategic transactions by, our competitors could weaken our competitive position or reduce our revenue.

If one or more of our competitors were to merge or partner with another of our competitors, the change in the competitive landscape could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively. In order to take advantage of customer demand for cloud-based software applications, vendors of legacy systems are expanding their cloud-based software applications through acquisitions and internal development. A potential result of such expansion is that certain of our current or potential competitors may be acquired by third parties with greater available resources and the ability to further invest in product improvements and initiate or withstand substantial price competition. Our competitors also may establish or strengthen cooperative relationships with our current or future value-added resellers, third-party consulting firms or other parties with whom we have relationships, thereby limiting our ability to promote our applications. Disruptions in our business caused by these events could reduce our revenue.

Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 2

We have made, and expect to continue to make, acquisitions as a primary component of our growth strategy. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or consummate acquisitions on acceptable terms, or we may be unable to successfully integrate acquisitions, which could disrupt our operations and adversely impact our business and operating results.

A primary component of our growth strategy has been to acquire complementary businesses to grow our company. We have completed 31 acquisitions in the 12 years ending December 31, 2023. We intend to continue to pursue acquisitions of complementary technologies, products, and businesses as a primary component of our growth strategy to enhance the features and functionality of our applications, expand our customer base, provide access to new markets, and increase benefits of scale. Acquisitions involve certain known and unknown risks that could cause our actual growth or operating results to differ from our expectations. Generally, our acquisition activity presents three areas of risk to our business, risks related to: identifying the correct candidates for acquisition, completing the acquisition of identified targets, and integrating acquired companies following closing of the acquisition. Acquisition Candidate Identification As we seek to find the best candidates for acquisition: - we may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or to consummate acquisitions on acceptable terms;- we may pursue international acquisitions, which inherently pose more risks than domestic acquisitions;- we compete with others to acquire complementary products, technologies, and businesses, which may result in decreased availability of, or increased price for, suitable acquisition candidates;- we may not be able to obtain the necessary financing, on favorable terms, including as a result of rising interest rates, or at all, to finance any or all of our potential acquisitions;- we may ultimately fail to consummate an acquisition even if we announce that we plan to acquire a technology, product, or business; and - acquired technologies, products, or businesses may not perform as we expect, and we may fail to realize anticipated revenue and profits. In addition, our acquisition strategy may divert management's attention away from our existing business, resulting in the loss of key customers or employees, and expose us to unanticipated problems or legal liabilities, including responsibility as a successor for undisclosed or contingent liabilities of acquired businesses or assets. Consummation of Targeted Acquisitions If we fail to adequately conduct due diligence on our potential targets effectively, we may not identify problems at target companies or fail to recognize incompatibilities or other obstacles to successful integration. Additionally, the consummation of acquisition transactions involves the coordination of multiple personnel within Upland and at the third party partners that assist our acquisition strategy. If we are unable to properly coordinate amongst these groups and individuals, our ability to effectively manage our acquisition activity may be compromised. Further, in the course of acquiring companies, we may: - issue common stock that would dilute our current stockholders' ownership percentage;- use a substantial portion of our cash resources;- increase our interest expense, leverage, and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay for an acquisition;- assume liabilities for which we do not have indemnification from the former owners; further, indemnification obligations may be subject to dispute or concerns regarding the creditworthiness of the former owners;- record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that are subject to impairment testing and potential impairment charges;- experience volatility in earnings due to changes in contingent consideration related to acquisition earnout liability estimates;- incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets;- lose existing or potential contracts as a result of conflict of interest issues;- become subject to adverse tax consequences or deferred compensation charges;- incur large and immediate write-offs; or - become subject to litigation. Integration of Acquired Companies Our inability to successfully integrate future acquisitions could impede us from realizing all of the benefits of those acquisitions and could severely weaken our business operations. The integration process may disrupt our business and, if new technologies, products, or businesses are not implemented effectively, may preclude the realization of the full benefits expected by us and could harm our results or operations. In addition, the overall integration of new technologies, products, or businesses may result in unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, and competitive responses. The difficulties of integrating an acquisition include, among other things: - issues in integrating the target company's technologies, products, or businesses with ours;- incompatibility of marketing and administration methods;- maintaining employee morale and retaining key employees;- integrating the cultures of both companies;- preserving important strategic customer relationships;- consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures and eliminating duplicative operations; and - coordinating and integrating geographically separate organizations. In addition, even if the operations of an acquisition are integrated successfully, we may not realize the full benefits of the acquisition, including the synergies, cost savings, or growth opportunities that we expect. These benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame, or at all.

Tech & Innovation

Total Risks: 10/48 (21%)Above Sector Average

Innovation / R&D1 | 2.1%

Innovation / R&D - Risk 1

Our success depends on our ability to adapt to technological change and continue to innovate.

The overall market for software is rapidly evolving and subject to changing technology, shifting customer needs, and frequent introductions of new applications, including without limitation AI in its multiple forms. Our ability to attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers will depend, in large part, on our ability to develop or acquire new applications and enhance and improve existing applications. To achieve market acceptance for our applications, we must effectively anticipate and offer applications that meet changing customer demands in a timely manner. Customers may require features and capabilities not offered by our current applications. We may experience difficulties that could delay or prevent our development, acquisition, or implementation of new applications and enhancements. If we are unable to successfully develop or acquire new software capabilities and functionality, enhance our existing applications to anticipate and meet customer preferences, sell our applications into new markets, or adapt to changing industry standards in software, our revenue and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Trade Secrets2 | 4.2%

Trade Secrets - Risk 1

We could incur substantial costs in protecting our intellectual property from infringement, and any failure to protect our intellectual property could impair our business.

Our success and ability to compete depend, in part, upon our intellectual property. We seek to protect the source code for our proprietary software and other proprietary technology and information under a combination of copyright, trade secrets, and patent law, and we seek to protect our brands through trademark law. Our policy is to enter into confidentiality agreements, or agreements with confidentiality provisions, with our employees, consultants, vendors, and customers, and to control access to our software, documentation, and other proprietary information. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized parties to copy our software or other proprietary technology or information, or to develop similar software independently. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our applications or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Policing unauthorized use of our applications is difficult, and we are unable to determine the extent to which piracy of our software exists or will occur in the future. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets, determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could be costly, time-consuming, and distracting to management, result in a diversion of resources or the narrowing or invalidation of portions of our intellectual property, and have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights or alleging that we infringe the counterclaimant's own intellectual property. These steps may be inadequate to protect our intellectual property. Third parties may challenge the validity or ownership of our intellectual property, and these challenges could cause us to lose our rights, in whole or in part, to such intellectual property or narrow its scope such that it no longer provides meaningful protection. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our products and use information that we regard as proprietary to create products and services that compete with ours. Some license provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying, transfer, and disclosure of our applications may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions and foreign countries. Further, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. To the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying, transfer, and use of our applications and proprietary technology or information may increase. There can be no assurance that our means of protecting our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology. If we fail to meaningfully protect our intellectual property, our business, brands, operating results and financial condition could be materially harmed.

Trade Secrets - Risk 2

We could incur substantial costs as a result of any claim of infringement of another party's intellectual property rights.

In recent years, there has been significant litigation involving patents and other intellectual property rights in our industry. Companies providing software are increasingly bringing and becoming subject to suits alleging infringement of proprietary rights, particularly patent rights, and to the extent we gain greater market visibility, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement claims. We do not have a significant patent portfolio, which could prevent us from deterring patent infringement claims through our own patent portfolio, and our competitors and others may now and in the future have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than we have. The risk of patent litigation has been amplified by the increase in the number of a type of patent holder, which we refer to as a non-practicing entity, whose sole business is to assert such claims and against whom our own intellectual property portfolio may provide little deterrent value. We could incur substantial costs in prosecuting or defending any intellectual property litigation and may not have adequate insurance coverage for these types of actions. If we sue to enforce our rights or are sued by a third-party that claims that our applications infringe its rights, the litigation could be expensive and could divert our management resources. Moreover, our acquisition strategy could expose us to additional risk of intellectual property litigation as we acquire new businesses with diverse software offerings and intellectual property assets. In addition, in most instances, we have agreed to indemnify our customers against claims that our applications infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. Our business could be adversely affected by any significant disputes between us and our customers as to the applicability or scope of our indemnification obligations to them. Any intellectual property litigation to which we might become a party, or for which we are required to provide indemnification, may require us to do one or more of the following: - cease selling or using applications that incorporate the intellectual property that we allegedly infringe;- make substantial payments for legal fees, settlement payments or other costs or damages;- obtain a license, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, to sell or use the relevant technology; or - redesign the allegedly infringing applications to avoid infringement, which could be costly, time-consuming or impossible. If we are required to make substantial payments or undertake any of the other actions noted above as a result of any intellectual property infringement claims against us or any obligation to indemnify our customers for such claims, such payments or actions could harm our business.

Cyber Security1 | 2.1%

Cyber Security - Risk 1

Actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our solutions and services or cyberattacks on our networks could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our applications involve the storage and transmission of our customers' proprietary and confidential information, including personal or identifying information regarding their employees and customers and are subject to attempted cyberattacks. Any security breaches, unauthorized access, unauthorized usage, virus, or similar breach or disruption could result in loss of confidential information, damage to our reputation, early termination of our contracts, litigation, regulatory investigations, indemnity obligations, or other liabilities. If our security measures or those of our third-party software providers and data centers are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, resulting in unauthorized access to customer data, our reputation will be damaged, our business may suffer, and we could incur significant liability. Unauthorized parties may attempt to misappropriate or compromise our confidential information or that of third parties, create system disruptions, product or service vulnerabilities or cause shutdowns. These perpetrators of cyberattacks also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, malware and other malicious software programs that directly or indirectly attack our products, services or infrastructure (including our third party cloud service providers). Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any or all of these issues could negatively affect our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to elect not to renew or upgrade their subscriptions, result in reputational damage, or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines, or other action or liability, which could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, to the extent we are diverting our resources to address and mitigate these vulnerabilities, it may hinder our ability to deliver and support our solutions and customers in a timely manner. Despite our efforts to build secure services, we can make no assurance that we will be able to detect, prevent, timely and adequately address, or mitigate the negative effects of cyberattacks or other security breaches.

Technology6 | 12.5%

Technology - Risk 1

Any disruption of service at the data centers that house our equipment and deliver our applications or with our hosting service providers could harm our business.

Our reputation and ability to attract, retain, and serve our customer is dependent upon the reliable performance of our computer systems and those of third parties that we utilize in our operations. These systems may be subject to damage or interruption from earthquakes, adverse weather conditions, other natural disasters, terrorist attacks, power loss, telecommunications failures, vendor limitations, computer viruses, computer denial of service attacks, or other attempts to harm these systems. Supply chain disruptions stemming from the Russia-Ukraine or Israeli-Hamas wars may harm our customers and suppliers and further complicate existing supply chain constraints. Interruptions in these systems, or with the Internet in general, could make our service unavailable or degraded or otherwise hinder our ability to deliver application data to our customers. Service interruptions, errors in our software, or the unavailability of computer systems used in our operations could diminish the overall attractiveness of our applications to existing and potential customers. Our servers and those of third parties we use in our operations are vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins, and similar disruptions. We have implemented security protocols within our applications; however, we have no assurance that our systems are completely secure. Our insurance does not cover expenses related to disruptions to our service or unauthorized access to our applications. Any significant disruption to our service or access to our systems could result in a loss of customers and adversely affect our business and results of operation. We primarily utilize communications and computer hardware systems operated by third-party Web hosting providers. In addition, we utilize third-party hosting services in connection with our business operations and have migrated most of our applications to third-party hosting platforms. Problems faced by us or our third-party hosting providers, including technological or business-related disruptions, could adversely impact the experience of our customers.

Technology - Risk 2

Our use of open source software could negatively affect our ability to sell our applications and subject us to possible litigation.

A portion of our applications incorporate open source software, and we expect to continue to incorporate open source software in the future. Few of the licenses applicable to open source software have been interpreted by courts, and their application to the open source software integrated into our proprietary software may be uncertain. Moreover, we cannot provide any assurance that we have not incorporated additional open source software in our applications in a manner that is inconsistent with the terms of the license or our current policies and procedures. If we fail to comply with these licenses, we may be subject to certain requirements, including requirements that we offer our applications that incorporate the open source software for no cost, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software, and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of applicable open source licenses. If an author or other third party that distributes such open source software were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of one or more of these licenses, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations and could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our applications that contained the open source software, and required to comply with the foregoing conditions, which could disrupt the distribution and sale of some of our applications. In addition, there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate open source software into their products. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming infringement due to the reliance by our applications on certain open source software. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition, or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our applications.

Technology - Risk 3

If we fail to integrate our applications with other software applications and competitive or adjacent offerings that are developed by others, or fail to make our applications available on mobile and other handheld devices, our applications may become less marketable, less competitive or obsolete, and our operating results could be harmed.

Our applications integrate with a variety of other software applications, and also with competing and adjacent third-party offerings. We need to continuously modify and enhance our platform to adapt to changes in cloud-enabled hardware, software, networking, browser and database technologies. Any failure of our applications to integrate effectively with other software applications and product offerings could reduce the demand for our applications or result in customer dissatisfaction and harm to our business. If we are unable to respond to changes in the applications and tools with which our applications integrate in a cost-effective manner, our applications may become less marketable, less competitive, or obsolete. Competitors may also impede our attempts to create integration between our applications and competitive offerings, which may decrease demand for our applications. In addition, an increasing number of individuals within organizations are utilizing devices other than personal computers, such as mobile phones, tablets and other handheld devices, to access the Internet and corporate resources and to conduct business. If we cannot effectively make our applications available on these devices, we may experience difficulty attracting and retaining customers.

Technology - Risk 4

If our applications contain serious errors or defects, we may lose revenue and market acceptance, and we may incur costs to defend or settle product-related claims.

Complex software applications such as ours often contain errors or defects, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. Our current and future applications may contain serious defects. The costs incurred in correcting any material errors or defects might be substantial and could adversely affect our operating results. Although our customer agreements typically contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to certain of the claims above, existing or future laws or unfavorable judicial decisions could negate these limitations. Even if not successful, a breach of warranty or other claim brought against us would likely be a distraction to management, time-consuming and costly to resolve, and could seriously damage our reputation in the marketplace, making it harder for us to sell our applications. Additionally, our errors and omissions insurance may be inadequate or may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, or at all, and our policy may not cover all claims made against us. Further, defending a suit, regardless of its merit, could be costly and divert management's attention.

Technology - Risk 5

We rely on third-party software that is required for the development and deployment of our applications, which may be difficult to obtain or which could cause errors or failures of our applications.

We rely on software licensed from or hosted by third parties to offer our applications. In addition, we may need to obtain licenses from third parties to use intellectual property associated with the development of our applications, which might not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any software required for the development, maintenance, and delivery of our applications could result in delays in the provision of our applications until equivalent technology is either developed by us or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated, which could harm our business. Any errors or defects in third-party software could result in errors or a failure of our applications, which could harm our business.

Technology - Risk 6

The failure to timely and accurately implement Artificial Intelligence ("AI"), and other new technologies, successfully in our product offerings could have a material adverse effect on our business, competitive position, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, and also result in reputational harm or liability.

We currently incorporate AI capabilities into certain of our offerings, and our research into and continued development of, such capabilities remain ongoing. As with many innovations, AI presents risks, challenges, and potential unintended consequences that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. Many generative AI solutions and implementations rely on third-parties, where ineffective or inadequate AI development or deployment practices by us or others could result in incidents that impair the acceptance of AI solutions or cause harm to our customers, individuals or society. These deficiencies and other failures of AI systems could subject us to competitive harm, regulatory action, legal liability, and brand or reputational harm. If we enable or offer AI solutions that result in (i) potential bias or inaccuracy, or (ii) a negative impact on human rights, privacy, employment, or other social, economic, or political issues, we may experience competitive, brand, or reputational harm or legal and/or regulatory action. However, failing to successfully adopt new technologies, including generative AI, may result in product offerings that are either unreliable or noncompetitive. If we are unable to develop and commercialize product offerings that are compatible with new technologies or competitors are successful in developing compatible technologies more quickly or efficiently than we can, our business, competitive position, results of operations, financial condition and prospects may be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, leveraging AI capabilities to potentially improve internal functions and operations presents further risks and challenges. While we aim to use AI ethically and attempt to identify and mitigate ethical or legal issues presented by its use, we may be unsuccessful in identifying or resolving issues before they arise. The use of AI in our products and to support business operations carries inherent risks related to data privacy and security, such as intended, unintended, or inadvertent transmission of proprietary or sensitive information. Further, dependence on AI without adequate safeguards to make certain business decisions may introduce additional operational vulnerabilities by impacting our relationships with customers, partners, and suppliers; by producing inaccurate outcomes based on flaws in the underlying data; or other unintended results. Further, incorporating AI may increase IP, cybersecurity, operational, data protection and technological risks and result in new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, litigation, ethical concerns, or other complications that could materially and adversely affect our business, as AI is an emerging technology for which the legal and regulatory landscape is not fully developed (including potential liability for breaching intellectual property or privacy rights or laws). As a result of the complexity and rapid development of new technologies, it is not possible to predict all of the legal, operational or technological risks related to use of such technologies. Furthermore, new technologies, such as AI, are the subject of evolving review by various governmental and regulatory bodies and agencies, and changes in laws, rules, directives and regulations governing the use of such technologies may adversely affect the ability of our business to develop and use such technologies.

Legal & Regulatory

Total Risks: 8/48 (17%)Below Sector Average

Regulation1 | 2.1%

Regulation - Risk 1

Any failure to comply with governmental export and import control laws and regulations could adversely affect our business.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets due to licensing requirements and subject us to liability if we are not in compliance with applicable laws. Our applications are subject to export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations, and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Controls. Exports of our applications must be made in compliance with these laws and regulations. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we and certain of our employees could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including: the possible loss of export or import privileges; fines, which may be imposed on us and responsible employees or managers; and, in extreme cases, the incarceration of responsible employees or managers. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, for a particular sale may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed, and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. In addition, changes in our applications or changes in applicable export or import regulations may create delays in the introduction and sale of our applications in international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our applications, or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our applications to certain countries, governments, or persons altogether. Any change in export or import regulations, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could also result in decreased use of our applications, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our applications to existing or potential customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our applications or limitation on our ability to export or sell our applications would likely adversely affect our business. Furthermore, we incorporate encryption technology into certain of our applications. Various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including through import permitting and licensing requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our applications or could limit our customers' ability to implement our applications in those countries. Encrypted applications and the underlying technology may also be subject to export control restrictions. Governmental regulation of encryption technology and regulation of imports or exports of encryption products, or our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our applications, when applicable, could harm our international sales and adversely affect our revenue. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements regarding the export of our applications, including with respect to new releases of our applications, may create delays in the introduction of our applications in international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our applications throughout their globally-distributed systems or, in some cases, prevent the export of our applications to some countries altogether. Moreover, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions programs prohibit the shipment of certain products and services to countries, governments, and persons that are subject to U.S. economic embargoes and trade sanctions. Even though we take precautions to prevent our applications from being shipped or provided to U.S. sanctions targets, our applications and services could be shipped to those targets or provided by third parties despite such precautions. Any such shipment could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm.

Taxation & Government Incentives6 | 12.5%

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1

Taxing authorities could reallocate our taxable income among our subsidiaries, which could increase our consolidated tax liability.

We conduct integrated operations internationally through subsidiaries in various tax jurisdictions pursuant to transfer pricing arrangements between our subsidiaries and between our subsidiaries and us. If two or more affiliated companies are located in different countries, the tax laws or regulations of each country generally require that transfer prices be the same as those between unrelated companies dealing at arms' length and that contemporaneous documentation is maintained to support the transfer prices. While we believe that we operate in compliance with applicable transfer pricing laws and intend to continue to do so, our transfer pricing procedures are not binding on applicable tax authorities. If tax authorities in any of these countries were to successfully challenge our transfer prices as not reflecting arms' length transactions, they could require us to adjust our transfer prices and thereby reallocate our income to reflect these revised transfer prices, which could result in a higher tax liability to us. Such reallocations may subject us to interest and penalties that would increase our consolidated tax liability, and could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 2

Tax laws, regulations, and compliance practices are evolving and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") was enacted in December 2017 and significantly affected U.S. tax law by changing how the United States imposes income tax on multinational corporations. The U.S. Department of Treasury has broad authority to issue regulations and interpretative guidance that may significantly impact how we will apply the law and impact our results of operations. As additional interpretative guidance is issued by the applicable authorities, we may need to revise our provision (benefit) for income taxes in future periods. These revisions could materially affect our results of operations, cash flow and financial position. Further, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was enacted in August 2022, which contained provisions effective January 1,2023, including a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax and a 1% excise tax on certain stock repurchases by public corporations, both of which we do not expect to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. While we do not anticipate these changes to be significant, these revisions could materially affect our results of operations, cash flow and financial position. Tax laws, regulations, and administrative practices in various jurisdictions are evolving and may be subject to significant changes due to economic, political and other conditions. There are many transactions that occur during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain, and significant judgment is required in evaluating and estimating our provision and accruals for these taxes. Governments are increasingly focused on ways to increase tax revenues, particularly from multinational corporations, which may lead to an increase in audit activity and harsher positions taken by tax authorities. We are currently subject to tax audits in various jurisdictions and these jurisdictions may assess additional tax liabilities against us. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD"), an international association of countries, including the United States, released the final reports from its Base Erosion and Profit Shifting ("BEPS") Action Plans, which aim to standardize and modernize global tax policies. The BEPS Action Plans propose revisions to numerous tax rules, including country-by-country reporting, permanent establishment, hybrid entities and instruments, transfer pricing, and tax treaties. The BEPS Action Plans have been or are being enacted by countries where we have operations. The European Commission ("EC") has conducted investigations in multiple countries focusing on whether local country tax rulings provide preferential tax treatment that violates European Union state aid rules and concluded that certain countries, including Ireland, have provided illegal state aid in certain cases. The EC and OECD have also been evaluating new rules on the taxation of the digital economy to provide greater taxing rights to jurisdictions where customers or users are located and to address additional base erosion and profits shifting issues. In addition, many countries have recently introduced new laws or proposals to tax digital transactions. These developments in tax laws and regulations, and compliance with these rules, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 3

Our operating results could be adversely affected by an increase in our effective tax rate as a result of U.S. and foreign tax law changes, outcomes of current or future tax examinations, or by material differences between our forecasted and actual effective tax rates.

Our operations are subject to income and transaction taxes in the United States and in multiple foreign jurisdictions, with a significant amount of our foreign earnings generated by our subsidiaries organized in Australia, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Any significant change in our future effective tax rates could adversely impact our results of operations for future periods. Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by the following: - changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws as applied to our business and corporate structure in the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Israel, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Romania and the United Kingdom, or other international locations where we have operations;- earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we are taxed at lower rates as compared to the United States federal and state statutory tax rates;- an increase in expenses not deductible for tax purposes;- changes in tax benefits from stock-based compensation;- changes in the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets;- changes in judgment from the evaluation of new information that results in a recognition, derecognition or change in measurement of a tax position taken in a prior period;- increases to interest or penalty expenses classified in the financial statements as income taxes;- new accounting standards or interpretations of such standards; or - results of examinations by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), state, and foreign tax or other governmental authorities. The IRS and other tax authorities regularly examine our income tax returns and other non-income tax returns, such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, net worth or franchise, property, goods and services, consumption, import, stamp, and excise taxes, in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions. The calculation of our provision for income taxes and our accruals for other taxes requires us to use significant judgment and involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. In determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, we regularly assess the potential settlement outcomes resulting from income tax examinations. However, the final outcome of tax examinations, including the total amount payable or the timing of any such payments upon resolution of these issues, cannot be estimated with certainty. In addition, we cannot be certain that such amount will not be materially different from the amount that is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals for other taxes. Should the IRS or other tax authorities assess additional taxes, penalties or interest as a result of a current or a future examination, we may be required to record charges to operations in future periods that could have a material impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows in the applicable period or periods. Forecasts of our annual effective tax rate are complex and subject to uncertainty because our income tax position for each year combines the effects of estimating our annual income or loss, the mix of profits and losses earned by us and our subsidiaries in tax jurisdictions with a broad range of income tax rates, as well as benefits from available deferred tax assets, the impact of various accounting rules, our interpretations of changes in tax laws and results of tax audits. Forecasts of our annual effective tax rate do not include the anticipation of future tax law changes. In addition, we report for certain tax benefits from stock-based compensation in the period the stock compensation vests or is settled, which may cause increased variability in our quarterly effective tax rates. If there were a material difference between forecasted and actual tax rates, it could have a material impact on our results of operations.

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 4

Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or, in the future, should collect additional sales and use taxes, and we could be subject to liability with respect to past or future sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

We have not historically filed sales and use tax returns or collected sales and use taxes in all jurisdictions in which we have sales, based on our belief that such taxes are not applicable. While operations of these jurisdictions are managed based on our interpretation of local regulations, a change in regulations or interpretations of legislation may result in an obligation that we are not aware of. Taxing authorities may seek to impose such taxes on us, including for past sales, which could result in penalties and interest. Any such tax assessments may adversely affect the results of our operations.

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 5

Unanticipated challenges by tax authorities could harm our future results.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. We may be subject to income tax audits by various tax jurisdictions throughout the world, many of which have not established clear guidance on the tax treatment of cloud-based companies. The application of tax laws in such jurisdictions may be subject to diverging and sometimes conflicting interpretations by tax authorities in these jurisdictions. Although we believe our income tax liabilities are reasonably estimated and accounted for in accordance with applicable laws and principles, an adverse resolution of one or more uncertain tax positions in any period could have a material impact on the results of operations for that period.

Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 6

Our Board has adopted a Tax Benefit Preservation Plan, which may not protect the future availability of the Company's tax assets in all circumstances and which could delay or discourage takeover attempts that some shareholders may consider favorable.

As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $304.2 million of NOLs as well as other tax attributes that could be available in certain circumstances to reduce future U.S. corporate income tax liabilities. Pursuant to Section 382 ("Section 382") of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and the Treasury Regulations issued thereunder, a corporation that undergoes an "ownership change" is subject to limitations on its use of its existing NOL and interest expense carryforwards and certain other tax attributes (collectively, "Tax Assets"), which can be utilized in certain circumstances to offset future U.S. tax liabilities. Generally, an "ownership change" occurs if the percentage of the Company's stock owned by one or more "five percent stockholders" increases by more than fifty percentage points over the lowest percentage of stock owned by such stockholders at any time during the prior three-year period or, if sooner, since the last "ownership change" experienced by the Company. In the event of such an "ownership change," Section 382 imposes an annual limitation on the amount of post-change taxable income a corporation may offset with pre-change Tax Assets. Similar rules apply in various U.S. state and local jurisdictions. However, with respect to the substantial majority of our Tax Assets, while we have in recent years experienced significant changes in the ownership of our stock, we do not believe we have undergone an "ownership change" that would limit our ability to use these Tax Assets. However, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will not challenge this position. On May 2, 2023, our Board of Directors authorized and declared a dividend of one preferred stock purchase right for each outstanding share of Common Stock. See "Note 11. Stockholders' Equity" for additional information on the terms and operation of the Plan. By adopting the Plan, the Board of Directors is seeking to protect the Company's ability to use its NOLs and other tax attributes to offset potential future income tax liabilities. The Company's ability to use such NOLs and other tax attributes would be substantially limited if the Company experiences an "ownership change," as defined in Section 382. The Plan is intended to make it more difficult for the Company to undergo an ownership change by deterring any person from acquiring 4.9% or more of the outstanding shares of stock without the approval of the Board of Directors. However, there can be no assurance that the Plan will prevent an "ownership change" from occurring for purposes of Section 382, and events outside of our control and which may not be subject to the Plan, such as sales of our stock by certain existing shareholders, may result in such an "ownership change" in the future. While we currently have a full valuation allowance against our NOLs and other historic Tax Assets for financial accounting purposes, if we have undergone or in the future undergo an ownership change that applies to our Tax Assets, our ability to use these Tax Assets could be substantially limited after the ownership change, and this limit could have a substantial adverse effect on our cash flows and financial position. The Plan will expire on May 1, 2024, but we may adopt a new tax benefit preservation plan after the expiration of the Plan. While the Plan is not,and a future tax benefit preservation plan will not be, principally intended to prevent a takeover, it may have an anti-takeover effect because an "acquiring person" thereunder may be diluted upon the occurrence of a triggering event. Accordingly, the Plan or a future tax benefit preservation plan may complicate or discourage a merger, tender offer, accumulations of substantial blocks of our stock, or assumption of control by a substantial holder of our securities. The Plan or a future tax benefit preservation plan should not interfere with any merger or other business combination approved by the Board of Directors. Because the Board of Directors may consent to certain transactions, the Plan gives, and a future tax benefit preservation plan is expected to give, our Board of Directors significant discretion to act in the best interests of shareholders.

Environmental / Social1 | 2.1%

Environmental / Social - Risk 1

New laws and increasing levels of regulation in the areas of privacy and protection of user data could harm our business

The regulatory framework for privacy and data security matters around the world is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain volatile for the foreseeable future. We are subject to privacy and data security obligations in the United States, United Kingdom, European Union and other foreign jurisdictions relating to the collection, use, sharing, retention, security, transfer and other handling of personal data about individuals, including our users and employees around the world. Data protection, consumer protection and privacy laws may differ, conflict and be interpreted and applied inconsistently, from country to country. In many cases, these laws apply not only to user data, employee data and third-party transactions, but also to transfers of personal data between or among ourselves, our subsidiaries, and other parties with which we have commercial relations, in addition to methods of communication and consent for such communication. These laws continue to develop in the U.S. and around the globe, including through regulatory and legislative action and judicial decisions, in ways we cannot predict and that may harm our business. For example, a new Quebec data protection law took effect in September 2023, and updates to Canadian federal privacy legislation are pending. India passed the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in 2023. In addition, the United States, through the Federal Communications Commission, recently implemented new lead generation "robot-text" and "robo-calls" regulations under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA). As the particulars of these regulations are unknown at this time, these new consumer protection regulations could impact our organization's corporate go-to-market sales initiatives, as well as certain feature sets in our current product stack. Any failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations or contractual obligations may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. If we are subject to an investigation or litigation or suffer a breach of security of personal data, we may incur costs or be subject to forfeitures and penalties that could reduce our profitability. In addition, compliance with these laws may restrict our ability to provide services to our customers that they may find to be valuable. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") became effective in May 2018. The GDPR, which applies to personal data collected in the context of all of our activities conducted from an establishment in the European Union, related to products and services offered to individuals in the European Union or related to the monitoring of individuals' behavior in Europe, imposes a range of significant compliance obligations regarding the handling of personal data. Actions required to comply with these obligations depend in part on how particular and strict regulators interpret and apply them. If we fail to comply with the GDPR, or if regulators assert we have failed to comply with the GDPR, we may be subject to, for example, regulatory enforcement actions, that can result in monetary penalties of up to 4% of our annual worldwide revenue or EUR 20 million (whichever higher), private lawsuits, class actions, regulatory orders to stop processing and delete data, and reputational damage. In June 2021, the European Commission published new versions of the Standard Contractual Clauses, which are used as a legal cross-border mechanism allowing companies to transfer/allow access to personal data outside the European Economic Area. Use of the previous versions of the Standard Contractual Clauses is no longer allowed and all contracts that include the earlier versions should have been amended to replace them with the new versions by December 27, 2022. Also in June 2021, the European Data Protection Board finalized its recommendations regarding supplemental transfer measures to protect personal data during cross-border transfers. We must incur costs and expenses to comply with the new requirements, which may impact the cross-border transfer of personal data throughout our organization and to/from third parties. In the United States, at least thirteen states have adopted generally applicable and comprehensive privacy laws. These new and developing state laws provide a number of new privacy rights for residents of these states and impose corresponding obligations on organizations doing business in these states. Not only do these laws require that we make new disclosures to consumers, business contacts, employees, job applicants and others about our data collection, use and sharing practices, but they also require that we provide new rights, such as the rights to access, delete and correct personal data. While the California Consumer Privacy Act (the "CCPA") became effective in 2020, it has already been amended significantly, and compliance with the amended law, the California Privacy Protection Act (the "CPRA") was required as of January 2023. Compliance with the other states' laws will be required at different times during 2023. In addition, a number of other U.S. states are considering adopting laws and regulations imposing obligations regarding the handling of personal data. Compliance with the GDPR, the new state laws, and other current and future applicable U.S. and international privacy, data protection, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence and other data-related laws can be costly and time-consuming. Complying with these varying requirements could cause us to incur substantial costs and/or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. Violations of data and privacy-related laws can result in significant penalties. Australia recently amended its Privacy Act, increasing the maximum penalties available for serious or repeated data breaches from AUS 2.2 million to the greater of: (i) AUS 50 million; (ii) three times the value of any benefit obtained through misuse of the information; or (iii) 30% of a company's adjusted turnover in the relevant period. We also may be bound by additional, more stringent contractual obligations relating to our collection, use and disclosure of personal data or may find it necessary or desirable to join industry or other self-regulatory bodies or other privacy or security related organizations that require compliance with their rules pertaining to privacy and data protection. We post on our websites our privacy notices and practices concerning the collection, use, sharing, disclosure, deletion and retention of our user data. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy notices or with any regulatory requirements or orders or other federal, state or international privacy -related laws and regulations, including the GDPR, CCPA and CPRA, could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others (e.g., class action plaintiffs), subject us to significant penalties and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase our costs and adversely affect our business. We may also experience security breaches and likely will in the future, which themselves may result in a violation of these laws and give rise to regulatory enforcement and/or private litigation.

Macro & Political

Total Risks: 6/48 (13%)Above Sector Average

Economy & Political Environment2 | 4.2%

Economy & Political Environment - Risk 1

Adverse economic conditions may reduce our customers' ability to spend money on information technology or software, or our customers may otherwise choose to reduce their spending on information technology or software, which may adversely impact our business.

Our business depends on the overall demand for information technology and software spend and on the economic health of our current and prospective customers. If worldwide economic conditions become unstable, including as a result of protectionism and nationalism, other unfavorable changes in economic conditions, such as inflation, rising interest rates, a U.S. government default on its obligations or a recession, and other events beyond our control, such as economic sanctions, natural disasters, results of global epidemics, pandemics, or contagious diseases, political instability, and armed conflicts and wars, such as the Russia-Ukraine and Israeli-Hamas wars, then our existing customers and prospective customers may re-evaluate their decision to purchase our applications. Weak global economic conditions or a reduction in information technology or software spending by our customers could harm our business in a number of ways, including longer sales cycles and lower prices for our applications.

Economy & Political Environment - Risk 2

We may be adversely affected by the effects of inflation.

Inflation has the potential to adversely affect our liquidity, business, financial condition and results of operations by increasing our overall cost structure, particularly if we are unable to achieve commensurate increases in the prices we charge our customers. The existence of inflation in the economy has resulted in, and may continue to result in, higher interest rates and capital costs, shipping costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor, weakening exchange rates and other similar effects. As a result of inflation, we have experienced and may continue to experience, cost increases. Although we may take measures to mitigate the impact of this inflation, if these measures are not effective, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected. Even if such measures are effective, there could be a difference between the timing of when these beneficial actions impact our results of operations and when the cost of inflation is incurred.

International Operations2 | 4.2%

International Operations - Risk 1

We face various risks associated with operating as a multinational corporation and our growth and long-term success depends, in part, on our ability to expand our international sales and operations.

As our operations have expanded, we have established and currently maintain offices in the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Israel, Malaysia, Netherlands, Romania and the United Kingdom. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we generated approximately 30% of our total revenue from customers outside of the U.S. As a result, we are subject to a number of risks, including: - inflation and actions taken by central banks to counter inflation;- foreign currency fluctuations and controls;- international and regional economic, political and labor conditions, including any instability or security concerns abroad, such as uncertainty caused by economic sanctions, trade disputes, armed conflicts and wars, including the Russia-Ukraine and Israeli-Hamas wars;- tax laws (including U.S. taxes on foreign subsidiaries);- increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;- changes in, or impositions of, legislative or regulatory requirements;- changes in laws governing the free flow of data across international borders;- failure of laws to protect our intellectual property rights adequately;- inadequate local infrastructure and difficulties in managing and staffing international operations;- delays resulting from difficulty in obtaining export licenses for certain technology, tariffs, quotas and other trade barriers;- the imposition of governmental economic sanctions on countries in which we do business or where we plan to expand our business;- costs and delays associated with developing products in multiple languages;- operating in locations with a higher incidence of corruption and fraudulent business practices; and - other factors beyond our control, such as terrorism, war, natural disasters, climate change and pandemics and resulting restrictions on business activity, which may vary significantly by region. Some of our third-party business partners have international operations and are also subject to these risks, and our business may be harmed if such partners are unable to appropriately manage these risks. If sales to any of our customers outside of the Americas are reduced, delayed or canceled because of any of the above factors, our revenue may decline. We have limited experience in operating in certain foreign jurisdictions and expect to continue to expand our relationship with international customers. Managing a global organization is difficult, time-consuming and expensive. Because of our limited experiences with international operations, any international efforts that we may undertake may not be successful in creating demand for our applications outside of the U.S. or in effectively selling subscriptions to our cloud offerings in all of the international markets that we enter.

International Operations - Risk 2

We face various risks associated with operating as a multinational corporation and our growth depends on our ability to retain existing customers and secure additional subscriptions and cross-sell opportunities from existing customers.

In order to improve our operating results, it is important that our customers renew or upgrade their agreements with us when the applicable contract term expires, and also purchase additional applications from us. Typically contract terms are one to three years for subscription agreements. Upon expiration, customers can renew their existing subscriptions, upgrade their subscriptions to add more seats or additional minimum contracted volume, downgrade their subscriptions to fewer seats or lower minimum contracted volume, or not renew. A renewal constitutes renewing an existing contract for an application under the same terms, and an upgrade includes purchasing additional seats or volume under an existing contract. We may also cross-sell additional applications to existing customers. Our ability to grow revenue and achieve profitability depends, in part, on customer renewals, customer upgrades, and cross-sales to existing customers exceeding downgrades and non-renewals. However, we may not be able to increase our penetration within our existing customer base as anticipated, and we may not otherwise retain subscriptions from existing customers.

Natural and Human Disruptions1 | 2.1%

Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 1

An epidemic, pandemic or contagious disease and measures intended to prevent the spread of such an event could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We face risks related to an epidemic, pandemic or contagious disease which has impacted, and in the future could impact, the markets in which we operate and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. The impact of an epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis and measures to prevent the spread of such an event could materially and adversely affect our business in a number of ways. For example, existing and potential customers may choose to reduce or delay technology spending in response, or attempt to renegotiate contracts and obtain concessions, which could materially and negatively impact our operating results, financial condition and prospects.

Capital Markets1 | 2.1%

Capital Markets - Risk 1

Fluctuations in the exchange rate of foreign currencies could result in losses on currency transactions.

Our customers are generally invoiced in the currency of the country in which they are located. In addition, we incur a portion of our operating expenses in foreign currencies, including Australian dollars, British pounds, Canadian dollars, Indian Rupees, Euros and Israeli New Shekels, and in the future, as we expand into other foreign countries, we expect to incur operating expenses in other foreign currencies. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results of our international operations and our revenue and operating results could be adversely affected. We have not previously engaged in foreign currency hedging. If we decide to hedge our foreign currency exchange rate exposure, we may not be able to hedge effectively due to lack of experience, unreasonable costs, or illiquid markets.

Ability to Sell

Total Risks: 4/48 (8%)Below Sector Average

Competition1 | 2.1%

Competition - Risk 1

The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.

The overall market for software is rapidly evolving and subject to changing technology, shifting customer needs and frequent introductions of new applications. The intensity and nature of our competition varies significantly across our family of software applications. Many of our competitors and potential competitors are larger and have greater brand name recognition, longer operating histories, larger marketing budgets, and significantly greater resources than we do. Some of our smaller competitors may offer applications on a stand-alone basis at a lower price than our price due to lower overhead or other factors, while some of our larger competitors may offer applications at a lower price in an attempt to cross-sell additional products in the future or retain a customer using a different application. We believe there are a limited number of direct competitors that provide a comprehensive software offering. However, we face competition both from point solution providers, including legacy on-premise enterprise systems, and other cloud-based work management software vendors that may address one or more of the functional elements of our applications, but are not designed to address a broad range of software needs. In addition, we face competition from manual processes and traditional tools, such as paper-based techniques, spreadsheets, and email. If our competitors' products, service, or technologies become more accepted than our software applications, if they are successful in bringing their products or services to market earlier than ours, or if their products or services are more technologically capable than ours, our revenues could be adversely affected.

Sales & Marketing3 | 6.3%

Sales & Marketing - Risk 1

We may be forced to change the prices we charge for our applications or the pricing models upon which they are based.

As the markets for our applications mature, or as competitors introduce products or services that compete with ours, including bundling competing offerings with additional products or services, we may be unable to attract new customers at the same price or based on the same pricing models as we have used historically. As a result, in the future we may be required to reduce our prices, which could adversely affect our financial performance. In addition, we may offer volume price discounts based on the number of seats purchased by a customer or the number of our applications purchased by a customer, which would effectively reduce the prices we charge for our applications. Also, we may be unable to renew existing customer agreements or enter into new customer agreements at the same prices or upon the same terms that we have historically, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position.

Sales & Marketing - Risk 2

Failure to maintain, expand and enhance our sales organization may negatively impact our revenue growth.

We sell our applications primarily through a direct sales organization comprised of inside sales and field sales personnel. In addition, we have an indirect sales organization, which sells to distributors and value-added resellers. Growing sales to both new and existing customers is, in part, dependent on our ability to maintain, expand and enhance our sales force. Identifying, recruiting and training additional sales personnel requires significant time, expense, and attention. It can take several quarters or longer before our sales representatives are fully-trained and productive. Our business may be adversely affected if our efforts to expand and train our sales organization do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue. In particular, if we are unable to hire, develop, and retain sales personnel, or if our new sales personnel are unable to achieve expected sales productivity levels in a reasonable period of time or at all, our revenue may grow more slowly than expected or decline and our business may be harmed.

Sales & Marketing - Risk 3

Our sales cycles can be lengthy and variable, which may cause changes in our operating results.

Our sales cycle can vary substantially from customer to customer. A number of factors influence the length and variability of our sales cycles, including, for example: - the need to educate potential customers about the uses and benefits of our applications;- the duration of the commitment customers make in their agreements with us, which are typically one to three years;- the discretionary nature of potential customers' purchasing and budget cycles and decisions;- the competitive nature of potential customers' evaluation and purchasing processes;- the functionality demands of potential customers;- fluctuations in the software needs of potential customers;- the announcement or planned introduction of new products by us or our competitors; and - the purchasing approval processes of potential customers. Our sales cycles can make it difficult to predict the quarter in which revenue from a new customer may first be recognized. We may incur significant sales and marketing expenses and invest significant time and effort in anticipation of a sale that may never occur or only occur in a smaller amount or at a later date than anticipated. Delays inherent to our sales cycles could cause significant variability in our revenue and operating results for any particular period.

Production

Total Risks: 1/48 (2%)Below Sector Average

Employment / Personnel1 | 2.1%

Employment / Personnel - Risk 1

We depend on our senior management team and the loss of one or more key personnel, or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel may impair our ability to grow our business.

Our success depends, in part, upon the continued service of our key executive officers, as well as other key personnel. The employment agreements with our executive officers and other key personnel do not require them to continue to work for us for any specified period; therefore, they may terminate employment with us at any time with no advance notice. The replacement of our senior management team or other key personnel likely would involve significant time and costs, and the loss of these employees may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. We face intense competition for qualified individuals from numerous technology and software companies. If we fail to attract and retain suitably qualified individuals, including software engineers and sales personnel, our ability to implement our business plan and develop and maintain our applications could be adversely affected. As a result, our ability to compete would decrease, our operating results would suffer, and our revenue would decrease.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?

Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.

They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.

It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.

How do companies disclose their risk factors?

Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.

Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.

Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.

According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.

How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?

Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.

You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.

Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.

A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.

What are all the risk factor categories?

TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.

1. Financial & Corporate

Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.

2. Legal & Regulatory

Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.

3. Production

Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.

4. Technology & Innovation

Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.

5. Ability to Sell

Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.

6. Macro & Political

Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.

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