Advertising ChallengesThe advertising segment underperformed expectations, growing 2.5% below market estimates, and future growth estimates may be too high.
Market SaturationWarning signs of developed markets gently saturating, Spotify's service now 9-18% more expensive than other DSPs, and more investments on the horizon with tough to model multi-year paybacks create a less attractive NT catalyst path.
Music Label PowerThe concentrated power of music labels and artists poses a medium/long-term risk, as they could demand higher rates.