Mobilicom Ltd. ADR (MOB) Risk Factors

As an Australian company, we are subject to different corporate requirements than a corporation organized under the laws of the states of the United States. Our Constitution, as well as the Australian Corporations Act, set forth various rights and obligations that are unique to us as an Australian company. These requirements may operate differently than those of many U.S. companies. You should carefully review the summary of these matters set forth in our Constitution, which is included as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 20-F, prior to investing in our ADSs.

We are incorporated in Australia, the majority of our directors and officers reside outside the United States and substantially all of the assets of those persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be impracticable or at least more expensive for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in Australia in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the applicable securities laws or otherwise. In addition, as a company incorporated in Australia, the provisions of the Corporations Act regulate the circumstances in which shareholder derivative actions may be commenced, which may be different to the circumstances for companies incorporated in the United States. Further, it may not be possible or practicable for you to effect service of process within the United States upon our officers or directors or to enforce against them or against us judgments obtained in U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. Even if you are successful in bringing such an action, there is doubt as to whether Australian courts would enforce certain civil liabilities under U.S. securities laws in original actions or judgments of U.S. courts based upon these civil liability provisions. In addition, awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the United States or elsewhere may be unenforceable in Australia or elsewhere outside the United States. An award for monetary damages under U.S. securities laws would be considered punitive if it does not seek to compensate the claimant for loss or damage suffered and is intended to punish the defendant. The enforceability of any judgment in Australia will depend on the particular facts of the case as well as the laws and treaties in effect at the time. The United States and Australia do not currently have a treaty or statute providing for recognition and enforcement of the judgments of the other country (other than arbitration awards) in civil and commercial matters. As a result, ADS holders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against us, our management or our directors than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.

Our research and development efforts were financed in part through royalty-bearing grants from the IIA. With respect to such grants, we are committed to pay royalties at a rate of 3% to 3.5% on sales proceeds from our products that were developed under IIA programs up to the total amount of grants received, linked to the U.S. dollar and bearing interest at an annual rate of LIBOR applicable to U.S. dollar deposits. Regardless of any royalty payment, we are further required to comply with the requirements of the Israeli Encouragement of Industrial Research, Development and Technological Innovation Law, 1984, as amended, and related regulations, or the Research Law, with respect to those past grants. When a company develops know-how, technology or products using IIA grants, the terms of these grants and the Research Law restrict the transfer of such know-how, and the transfer of manufacturing or manufacturing rights of such products, technologies or know-how outside of Israel, without the prior approval of the IIA. We may not receive those approvals. Furthermore, the IIA may impose certain conditions on any arrangement under which it permits us to transfer technology or development. This may restrict our ability to move the production of our products outside of Israel, or to sell intellectual property and other know-how.

Our products are comprised of and rely on complex and sensitive electronic hardware, algorithms, software, user-friendly interfaces and tightly integrated, electromechanical designs. Despite testing, our products have contained defects and errors and may in the future contain defects, errors or performance problems when first introduced, when new versions or enhancements are released, or even after these products have been used by our customers for a period of time. These problems could result in expensive and time-consuming design modifications or warranty charges, delays in the introduction of new products or enhancements, significant increases in our service and maintenance costs, exposure to liability for damages, damaged customer relationships and harm to our reputation, any of which could materially harm our results of operations and ability to achieve market acceptance. In addition, increased development and warranty costs could be substantial and could significantly reduce tour operating margins. The existence of any defects, errors, or failures in our products or the misuse of our products could also lead to product liability claims or lawsuits against it. A defect, error or failure in one of our products could result in failure or damage to the products it is embedded in, or property damage, injury, death and/or significant damage our reputation and support for our services in general. We anticipate this risk will grow as more and more products using our products are deployed We cannot provide any assurance that we have or will have insurance adequate to protect us from material judgments and expenses related to potential future claims or that such insurance will be available in the future at economical prices or at all. Even if we are fully insured as it relates to a particular claim, the claim could nevertheless diminish our brand and divert management's attention and resources, which could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may experience a period of significant growth in the number of personnel that could place a strain upon our management systems and resources. Our future will depend in part on the ability of our officers and other key employees to implement and improve financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures on a timely basis and to expand, train, motivate and manage our workforce. Our current and planned personnel, systems, procedures and controls may be inadequate to support our future operations.

We obtain materials, mechanical parts, hardware and electronics components, various subsystems and manufacturing and assembly services from a limited group of suppliers and sub-contractors. We do not have long-term agreements with any of these suppliers or sub-contractors that obligate them to continue to sell materials, components, subsystems, or provide manufacturing services to us. Our reliance on these suppliers or sub-contractors involves significant risks and uncertainties, including whether our suppliers or sub-contractors will provide an adequate supply of required components, subsystems, or services of sufficient quality, will increase prices for the components, subsystems or services and will perform their obligations on a timely basis. In addition, certain raw materials and components used in the manufacture of our products are periodically subject to supply shortages, and our business is subject to the risk of price increases and periodic delays in delivery. For example, between 2020 and 2022, the electronics components shortage crisis, a unique result of the COVID-19 pandemic, negatively affected our market segment by increased delivery lead time and increased purchase prices of components used under certain of our products, which resulted in delay in delivery time of our products to our customers, and had negative effect on our revenues and profitability. Please see Risk Factors – Risks Related to our Business and Industry – the resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic had some negative effect on our business, operations and financial performance, and similar global health crises could have a negative effect on our business, operations and future financial performance. Similarly, the market for electronic components is subject to cyclical reductions in supply, outside of COVID-19. If we are unable to obtain components from third-party suppliers in the quantities and of the quality that we require, on a timely basis and at acceptable prices, then we may not be able to deliver our products on a timely or cost-effective basis to our customers, which could cause customers to terminate their contracts with us, increase our costs and seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, if any of our suppliers or sub-contractors become financially unstable, then we may have to find new suppliers or sub-contractors. It may take several months to locate alternative suppliers or sub-contractors, if required, or to redesign our products to accommodate components from different suppliers. We may experience significant delays in manufacturing and shipping our products to customers and incur additional development, manufacturing and other costs to establish alternative sources of supply if we lose any of these sources or are required to redesign our products. We cannot predict if we will be able to obtain replacement components within the time frames that we require at an affordable cost, if at all.

Although we are an Australian company, our fully owned subsidiary and main operational, including our principal research and development facilities and sole manufacturing facility, and certain of our key employees, officers and directors are located in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in the Middle East may affect our business directly. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have occurred between Israel and its neighboring countries and terrorist organizations active in the region, including Hamas (an Islamist militia and political group in the Gaza Strip) and Hezbollah (an Islamist militia and political group in Lebanon). In particular, in October 2023, Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel's southern border from the Gaza Strip and conducted a series of attacks on civilian and military targets. Hamas also launched extensive rocket attacks on the Israeli population and industrial centers located along Israel's border with the Gaza Strip and in other areas within the State of Israel. These attacks resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries, and Hamas additionally kidnapped many Israeli civilians and soldiers. Following the attack, Israel's security cabinet declared war against Hamas and commenced a military campaign against Hamas and these terrorist organizations in parallel continued rocket and terror attacks. As a result of the events of October 7, 2023, the Israeli government declared that the country was at war and the Israeli military began to call-up reservists for active duty. To date, none of our member of management nor employees is in active military reserve duty. Military service call ups that result in absences of personnel from us for an extended period of time may materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, since the commencement of these events, there have been continued hostilities along Israel's northern border with Lebanon (with the Hezbollah terror organization) and southern border (with the Houthi movement in Yemen). It is possible that hostilities with Hezbollah in Lebanon will escalate, and that other terrorist organizations, including Palestinian military organizations in the West Bank as well as other hostile countries, such as Iran, will join the hostilities. Such clashes may escalate in the future into a greater regional conflict. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel and is widely believed to be developing nuclear weapons. Iran is also believed to have a strong influence among extremist groups in the region, such as Hamas in Gaza, Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthi movement in Yemen and various rebel militia groups in Syria and Iraq. These situations may potentially escalate in the future to more violent events which may affect Israel and us. Any hostilities, armed conflicts, terrorist activities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, or any political instability in the region could adversely affect business conditions and our results of operations and could make it more difficult for us to raise capital and could adversely affect the market price of our ordinary share. An escalation of tensions or violence might result in a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations in Israel and our business. Parties with whom we do business have sometimes declined to travel to Israel during periods of heightened unrest or tension, forcing us to make alternative arrangements when necessary in order to meet our business partners face to face. In addition, the political and security situation in Israel may result in parties with whom we have agreements involving performance in Israel claiming that they are not obligated to perform their commitments under those agreements pursuant to force majeure provisions in such agreements. Since the war broke out on October 7, 2023, our operations have not been adversely affected by this situation, and we have not experienced disruptions to our business operations. As such, our product research and development and business development activities remain on track. However, the intensity and duration of Israel's current war against Hamas is difficult to predict at this stage, as are such war's economic implications on our business and operations and on Israel's economy in general. If the war extends for a long period of time or expands to other fronts, such as Lebanon, Syria and the West Bank, our operations may be adversely affected. Additionally, political uprisings, social unrest and violence in various countries in the Middle East, including Israel's neighbor Syria, have affected the political stability of those countries. This instability may lead to deterioration of the political relationships that exist between Israel and certain countries and have raised concerns regarding security in the region and the potential for armed conflict. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel. Iran is also believed to have a strong influence among the Syrian government, Hamas and Hezbollah. These situations may potentially escalate in the future into more violent events which may affect Israel and us. These situations, including conflicts which involved missile strikes against civilian targets in various parts of Israel have in the past negatively affected business conditions in Israel. Our insurance does not cover losses that may occur as a result of events associated with war and terrorism. Although the Israeli government currently covers the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, we cannot assure you that this government coverage will be maintained or that it will sufficiently cover our potential damages. Any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any armed conflicts or political instability in the region would likely negatively affect business conditions and could harm our results of operations. Finally, political conditions within Israel may affect our operations. Israel has held five general elections between 2019 and 2022, and prior to October 2023, the Israeli government pursued extensive changes to Israel's judicial system, which sparked extensive political debate and unrest. To date, these initiatives have been substantially put on hold. Actual or perceived political instability in Israel or any negative changes in the political environment, may individually or in the aggregate adversely affect the Israeli economy and, in turn, our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Public health epidemics or outbreaks could adversely impact our business. In late 2019, a novel strain of COVID-19, also known as coronavirus, was reported in Wuhan, China. Initially the outbreak was largely concentrated in China, but it rapidly spread to countries across the globe, including in Israel and the United States. Many countries around the world, including in Israel and the United States, implemented significant governmental measures to control the spread of the virus, including temporary closure of businesses, severe restrictions on travel and the movement of people, and other material limitations on the conduct of business. In response, for several months in 2020 and 2021, we implemented remote working and workplace protocols for our employees in accordance Israeli Ministry of Health requirements to ensure employee safety and all employees have been instructed on and encouraged to practice best social distancing behaviors. If there is a resurgence of COVID-19 its spread may materially affect us economically. While the potential economic impact brought by, and the duration of, any future resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic may be difficult to assess or predict, it has already caused, and could result in further, significant disruption of global financial markets, reducing our ability to access capital, which could in the future negatively affect our liquidity and financial position. In addition, the trading prices for other companies have been highly volatile as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, we may face difficulties raising capital through sales of our ordinary shares or other securities and such sales may be on unfavorable terms. To the extent that future waves of COVID-19 disrupt normal business operations, we may face operational challenges with our services, and we likely will have to adopt remote working and workplace protocols for employees in accordance with government requirements and other measures to minimize such impact. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration and severity of the outbreak, and the actions that may be required to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact. In particular, the extent to which any resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our business and financial performance will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.

The market price of our ADSs may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume of our ADSs may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our ADSs declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your ADSs at or above the purchase price, if at all. We cannot assure you that the market price of our ADSs will not fluctuate or significantly decline in the future. Some specific factors that could negatively affect the price of our ADSs or result in fluctuations in their price and trading volume include: - actual or expected fluctuations in our operating results;- changes in market valuations of similar companies;- changes in our key personnel;- changes in financial estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;- trading prices of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Capital Market, or Nasdaq;- changes in trading volume of ADSs on Nasdaq;- sales of our ADSs or ordinary shares by us, our executive officers or our shareholders in the future; and - conditions in the financial markets or changes in general economic conditions.

We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we may not, and under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not, offer those rights to ADS holders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ADS holders are registered under the Securities Act, or the distribution of them to ADS holders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. In addition, we may not be able to rely on an exemption from registration under the Securities Act to distribute such rights and securities. Accordingly, holders of ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.

Continuing technological changes in the market for our products could make our products less competitive or obsolete, either generally or for particular applications. Our future success will depend upon our ability to develop and introduce a variety of new technologies, innovations, capabilities and enhancements to our existing product and service offerings, as well as introduce a variety of new product offerings, to address the changing needs of the markets in which we offer products. Delays in introducing new products, technologies and enhancements, the failure to choose correctly among technical alternatives or the failure to offer innovative products or enhancements at competitive prices may cause existing and potential customers to purchase our competitors' products. If we are unable to devote adequate resources to develop new products or cannot otherwise successfully develop new products or enhancements that meet customer requirements on a timely basis, our products could lose market share, our revenue and profits could decline, and we could experience operating losses.

We believe that brand recognition is an important factor to our success. If we fail to promote our brands successfully, or if the expenses of doing so are disproportionate to any increased net sales we achieve, it would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. This will depend largely on our ability to maintain trust, be a technology leader, and continue to provide high-quality and secure technologies, products and services. Any negative publicity about us or our industry, the quality and reliability of our technologies, products and services, our risk management processes, changes to our technologies, products and services, our ability to effectively manage and resolve customer complaints, our privacy and security practices, litigation, regulatory activity, and the experience of sellers and buyers with our products or services, could adversely affect our reputation and the confidence in and use of our technologies, products and services. Harm to our brand can arise from many sources, including; failure by us or our partners to satisfy expectations of service and quality; inadequate protection of sensitive information; compliance failures and claims; litigation and other claims; employee misconduct; and misconduct by our partners, service providers, or other counterparties. If we do not successfully maintain a strong and trusted brand, our business could be materially and adversely affected.