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REE Automotive (REE)
NASDAQ:REE
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REE Automotive (REE) Risk Factors

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Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

REE Automotive disclosed 82 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. REE Automotive reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q4, 2023

Risk Distribution
82Risks
26% Finance & Corporate
18% Legal & Regulatory
17% Production
17% Ability to Sell
16% Tech & Innovation
6% Macro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy
This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

2020
Q4
S&P500 Average
Sector Average
Risks removed
Risks added
Risks changed
REE Automotive Risk Factors
New Risk (0)
Risk Changed (0)
Risk Removed (0)
No changes from previous report
The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q4, 2023

Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 21 Risks
Finance & Corporate
With 21 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
82
+8
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
82
+8
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
Recent Changes
3Risks added
2Risks removed
1Risks changed
Since Dec 2023
3Risks added
2Risks removed
1Risks changed
Since Dec 2023
Number of Risk Changed
1
+1
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 3
1
+1
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 3
See the risk highlights of REE Automotive in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 82

Finance & Corporate
Total Risks: 21/82 (26%)Below Sector Average
Share Price & Shareholder Rights11 | 13.4%
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
REE's Amended and Restated Articles provide that unless REE consents otherwise, the competent courts of Tel Aviv, Israel shall be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between REE and its shareholders' under the Companies Law and the Israeli Securities Law, which could limit its shareholders ability to bring claims and proceedings against, as well as obtain favorable judicial forum for disputes with, REE, its directors, officers and other employees.
The competent courts of Tel Aviv, Israel shall be the exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of REE, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of REE to REE or REE's shareholders, or (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Companies Law or the Israeli Securities Law. This exclusive forum provision is intended to apply to claims arising under Israeli Law and would not apply to claims brought pursuant to the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or any other claim for which federal courts would have exclusive jurisdiction. Such exclusive forum provision in the Amended and Restated Articles will not relieve REE of its duties to comply with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, and shareholders of REE will not be deemed to have waived REE's compliance with these laws, rules and regulations. This exclusive forum provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with REE or its directors or other employees which may discourage lawsuits against REE, its directors, officers and employees.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
Provisions of Israeli law and REE's Amended and Restated Articles may delay, prevent or make undesirable an acquisition of all or a significant portion of its shares or assets.
Provisions of Israeli law and REE's Amended and Restated Articles could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire REE or its shareholders to elect different individuals to REE's board of directors, even if doing so would be considered to be beneficial by some of REE's shareholders, and may limit the price that investors may be willing to pay in the future for the Class A Ordinary Shares. Among other things: - Israeli corporate law regulates mergers and requires that a tender offer be effected when more than a specified percentage of shares in a company are purchased;- Israeli corporate law requires special approvals for certain transactions involving directors, officers or significant shareholders and regulates other matters that may be relevant to these types of transactions;- Israeli corporate law does not provide for shareholder action by written consent for public companies, thereby requiring all shareholder actions to be taken at a general meeting of shareholders;- the Amended and Restated Articles generally require a vote of a simple majority of the voting power represented at a general meeting of shareholders in person or by proxy and voting thereon, as one class;- the Amended and Restated Articles generally do not permit a director to be removed except by a vote of the holders of (i) so long as any Class B Ordinary Shares remain outstanding, a simple majority of the voting power represented at a general meeting of shareholders in person or by proxy and voting thereon, as one class, and (ii) if no Class B Ordinary Shares remain outstanding, a supermajority of at least sixty-five percent (65%) of the voting power represented at a general meeting of shareholders in person or by proxy and voting thereon; and - the Amended and Restated Articles generally provide that director vacancies may be filled by REE's board of directors. Further, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions undesirable to REE or some of its shareholders whose country of residence does not have a tax treaty with Israel granting tax relief to such shareholders from Israeli tax. For example, Israeli tax law does not recognize tax-free share exchanges to the same extent as U.S. tax law. With respect to mergers, Israeli tax law allows for tax deferral in certain circumstances but makes the deferral contingent on the fulfillment of numerous conditions, including, a holding period of two years from the date of the transaction during which certain sales and dispositions of shares of the participating companies are restricted. Moreover, with respect to certain share swap transactions, the tax deferral is limited in time, and when such time expires, the tax becomes payable even if no disposition of the shares has occurred. The tax benefits that are available to REE require it to continue to meet various conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase REE's costs and taxes. REE may be eligible for certain tax benefits provided to "Preferred Technological Enterprises" under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, referred to as the Investment Law. In order to remain eligible for the tax benefits for "Preferred Technological Enterprises" it must continue to meet certain conditions stipulated in the Investment Law and its regulations, as amended. If these tax benefits are reduced, cancelled or discontinued, REE's Israeli taxable income from the approved enterprise would be subject to regular Israeli corporate tax rates. The current standard corporate tax rate for Israeli companies is 23%. Additionally, if REE increases its activities outside of Israel through acquisitions, for example, its expanded activities might not be eligible for inclusion in future Israeli tax benefit programs. See "Item 10.E. Taxation – Certain Material Israeli Tax Considerations."
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
Investors' rights and responsibilities of REE's shareholders are governed by Israeli law, which may differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of non-Israeli companies.
Because REE was incorporated under Israeli law, the rights and responsibilities of its shareholders are governed by its Amended and Restated Articles and Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of U.S. and other non-Israeli corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner in exercising its rights and performing its obligations towards the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing its power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters, such as an amendment to the company's articles of association, an increase of the company's authorized share capital, a merger of the company and approval of related party transactions that require shareholder approval. A shareholder also has a general duty to refrain from discriminating against other shareholders. In addition, a controlling shareholder or a shareholder who knows that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholders' vote or to appoint or prevent the appointment of an office holder in the company has a duty to act in fairness towards the company. These provisions may be interpreted to impose additional obligations and liabilities on REE's shareholders that are not typically imposed on shareholders of U.S. corporations.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
REE cannot predict the impact REE's dual class structure may have on the stock price of Class A Ordinary Shares.
REE cannot predict whether REE's dual class structure will result in a lower or more volatile market price of Class A Ordinary Shares or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes. In July 2017, FTSE Russell and S&P Dow Jones announced that they would cease to allow most newly public companies utilizing dual or multi-class capital structures to be included in their indices. Affected indices include the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Beginning in 2017, MSCI, a leading stock index provider, opened public consultations on their treatment of no-vote and multi-class structures and temporarily barred new multi-class listings from certain of its indices; however, in October 2018, MSCI announced its decision to include equity securities "with unequal voting structures" in its indices and to launch a new index that specifically includes voting rights in its eligibility criteria. Under the announced policies, REE's dual class capital structure makes REE ineligible for inclusion in certain indices, and as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track those indices will not be investing in its shares. These policies are still fairly new and it is as of yet unclear what effect, if any, they will have on the valuations of publicly traded companies excluded from the indices, but it is possible that they may depress these valuations compared to those of other similar companies that are included. Because of REE's dual class structure, REE will likely be excluded from certain of these indexes and REE cannot assure you that other stock indexes will not take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indexes, exclusion from stock indexes would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make Class A Ordinary Shares less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of Class A Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
The dual class structure of our Ordinary Shares has the effect of concentrating voting power with REE's Founders, who serve as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer, which limits an investor's ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.
The Class B Ordinary Shares have 10 votes per share, while shares of Class A Ordinary Shares have one vote per share. REE's Founders, Daniel Barel and Ahishay Sardes, hold all Class B Ordinary Shares granting each of them, when combined with each of their holdings of Class A Ordinary Shares, approximately 38.2% of voting power and together approximately 76.4% of the voting power of REE as of March 12, 2024. See "Item 7A. Major shareholders". As a result, if they act together, they will be able to control matters submitted to REE's shareholders for approval, including the election of directors, amendments of its organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of its assets or other major corporate transactions (although neither Founder individually has a majority of the voting power). REE's Founders may have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. While the Class B Ordinary Shares do not have any economic rights, this concentrated control may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control of REE, could deprive its shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of REE, and might ultimately affect the market price of shares of Class A Ordinary Shares.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
If securities and industry analysts do not publish research or reports about REE's business or publish negative reports about its business, REE's share price and trading volume may suffer.
The trading market for the Class A Ordinary Shares is and will be influenced by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about REE or its business. REE does not have any control over such analysts and cannot provide any assurance that analysts will continue to cover REE or provide favorable coverage. If one or more of the analysts who cover REE downgrade REE's shares or change their opinion of REE's shares, REE's share price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of REE or fail to regularly publish reports on REE, REE could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause its share price or trading volume to decline.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
If REE is unable for any reason to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, such action or inaction could result in a delisting of the Class A Ordinary Shares.
On November 10, 2022, REE announced that it received an initial notification letter from Nasdaq's Listing Qualifications Department notifying REE that it had 180 days to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq's continued listing rules. Nasdaq's continued listing rules require that listed securities maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, and that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days or more. On November 1, 2023, REE received a notification letter from Nasdaq Listing Qualifications staff notifying REE that it had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). If REE fails to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, such as the corporate governance requirements or the minimum closing bid price requirement, Nasdaq may take steps to delist the Class A Ordinary Shares. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of the Class A Ordinary Shares and would impair your ability to sell or purchase the Class A Ordinary Shares when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, REE can provide no assurance that any action taken by it to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow its Class A Ordinary Shares to become listed again.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8
As REE is a "foreign private issuer" and follows certain home country corporate governance practices, its shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.
As a foreign private issuer, REE is permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices rather than those otherwise required by Nasdaq rules, provided that it discloses the requirements it is not following and describes the equivalent home country practices it follows instead. REE relies on this "foreign private issuer exemption" with respect to the Nasdaq rules for director nomination procedures and shareholder meeting quorums. REE may in the future elect to follow home country practices with regard to other matters. As a result, its shareholders will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9
REE may issue additional Class A Ordinary Shares or other securities without shareholder approval, which would dilute existing ownership interests and may depress the market price of Class A Ordinary Shares.
REE may issue additional Class A Ordinary Shares or other equity securities of equal or senior rank in the future in connection with, among other things, REE's equity incentive plan, without shareholder approval, in a number of circumstances. REE's issuance of additional Class A Ordinary Shares or other equity securities of equal or senior rank would have the following effects: - REE's legacy shareholders' proportionate ownership interest in REE may decrease;- the amount of cash available per share, including for payment of dividends in the future, may decrease;- the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding Class A Ordinary Share may be diminished; and - the market price of Class A Ordinary Shares may decline. As of December 31, 2023, REE had 346,883 Class A Ordinary Shares available for future grant under the 2021 Plan and 154,284 shares available under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. There were 3,525,594 Class A Ordinary Shares underlying outstanding options under its equity incentive plans, at a weighted average exercise price of $5.02 per share, 3,288,211 of which were vested and exercisable. Additionally, there were 822,241 Class A Ordinary Shares underlying outstanding RSUs under its equity incentive plan
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10
Future sales of large amounts of shares into the public markets may adversely affect the market price of Class A Ordinary Shares.
Pursuant to the Investors' Rights Agreement between REE, 10X Capital and certain of REE's shareholder, the Sponsor can demand that REE register its registrable securities under certain circumstances and also has piggyback registration rights for these securities in connection with certain registrations of securities that REE undertakes. REE is also required to use its commercially reasonable effort to maintain the effectiveness of a registration statement under the Securities Act covering such securities and certain other securities of REE, including those held by PIPE Investors. The registration of these securities permits the public sale of such securities. In addition, 5,904,403 shares held by REE's legacy shareholders became eligible for sale under Rule 144 of the Securities Act upon the expiration of a 180-day lock-up agreement on January 18, 2022. The availability of such a significant number of securities for trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of REE's Class A Ordinary Shares. On July 14, 2023, we entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement, or the HCW Agreement, with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, or HCW, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, at our option, up to $35.0 million of our Class A Ordinary Shares through an "at-the-market" equity program under which HCW agreed to act as sales agent. As of the date of this Annual Report, we have sold 120,880 of our Class A Ordinary Shares under the HCW Agreement for total gross proceeds of approximately $908,509.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11
U.S. Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares may suffer adverse tax consequences if REE is treated as a passive foreign investment company.
A non-U.S. corporation generally will be treated as a "passive foreign investment company," or a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income (such as interest, dividends, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of assets giving rise to passive income) or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. Based on the current and anticipated composition of the income, assets and operations of REE and its subsidiaries, there is a significant risk that REE was a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for 2023, and REE may be a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the current or future taxable years. This is a factual determination that depends on, among other things, the composition of REE's income and assets, and the market value of its shares and assets, including the composition of income and assets and the market value of shares and assets of its subsidiaries, from time to time, and thus a complete determination can only be made annually after the close of each taxable year. Furthermore, the value of our gross assets is likely to be determined in part by reference to our market capitalization, which may fluctuate significantly. Thus, no assurance can be given as to whether REE will be a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year. In addition, REE's U.S. counsel expresses no opinion with respect to REE's PFIC status for 2023, current, or future taxable years. If REE is a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder of Class A Ordinary Shares and/or Warrants may be subject to adverse tax consequences and may incur certain information reporting obligations. Under the PFIC rules, unless such U.S. Holder makes an election available under the Code (which election could itself have adverse consequences for such U.S. Holder), such U.S. Holder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the then prevailing maximum rates on ordinary income and possibly an "interest" charge, in respect of "excess distributions" and upon any gain from the disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares and/or Warrants, as if the excess distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over such U.S. Holder's holding period of the Class A Ordinary Shares and/or Warrants. Certain elections (including a qualified electing fund election (or a QEF election) or a mark-to-market election) that may be available to U.S. Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares to mitigate some of the adverse tax consequences resulting from PFIC treatment, however, are not available with respect to the Warrants. Additionally, there can be no assurance that REE will have timely knowledge of its status as a PFIC in the future or that REE will timely provide information that would be required in order for a U.S. Holder to make a QEF election. See "Item 10.E. Taxation – Certain Material U.S. Tax Considerations – U.S Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Ownership and Disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants to U.S. Holders – Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules" for further discussion. U.S. Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and/or Warrants are strongly encouraged to consult their own advisors regarding the potential application of these rules to REE and the ownership of Class A Ordinary Shares and/or Warrants.
Accounting & Financial Operations4 | 4.9%
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1
As REE grows rapidly and expands into multiple global markets, there is a risk that it will fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls and its ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be adversely affected. REE may identify material weaknesses in its internal controls over financing reporting which it may not be able to remedy in a timely manner.
As a public company, REE operates in an increasingly demanding regulatory environment, which requires it to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the regulations of Nasdaq, the rules and regulations of the SEC, expanded disclosure requirements, accelerated reporting requirements and more complex accounting rules. Company responsibilities required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act include establishing corporate oversight and adequate internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Effective internal controls are necessary for REE to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent financial fraud. Commencing with its fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, REE performed system and process evaluation and testing of its internal controls over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting in its Form 20-F filing for that year, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The process of building and maintaining its accounting and financial functions and infrastructure requires significant additional professional fees, internal costs and management efforts. REE has implemented a new internal system to combine the management of its financial, accounting, human resources and other functions. However, such a system requires REE to complete many processes and procedures for the effective use of the system or to run its business using the system, which may result in substantial costs. Any disruptions or difficulties using the system could adversely affect REE's controls and harm its business. Moreover, such disruption or difficulties could result in unanticipated costs and diversion of management's attention. In addition, REE may discover additional weaknesses in its system of internal financial and accounting controls and procedures that could result in a material misstatement of its financial statements. REE's internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system's objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected. If REE is unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, or if it is unable to maintain proper and effective internal controls, REE may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements. If REE cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, its business and results of operations could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in its reported financial information and REE could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2
REE is an early stage company with a history of losses, and expects to incur significant expenses and continuing losses for the foreseeable future.
Since inception, REE has incurred, and REE expects it will continue to incur, losses and negative cash flow, either or both of which may be significant. The working capital funding necessary to start a new EV product manufacturing company is significant, and other companies have tried and failed over the last several years with billions of investment capital. While REE expects to benefit from its management's experience, the technology it has developed to date, and the advantages offered by its UK Integration Center, REE does not expect to be profitable in the near term as REE invests in its business, builds capacity and ramps up operations, and REE cannot assure you that REE will ever achieve or be able to maintain profitability in the future. Failure to become profitable may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. If REE achieves profitability, it will be dependent upon the successful development and commercial introduction and acceptance of EV products like Class 3 through 5 platform models for the P7 EV platform, which may not occur.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 3
REE's limited operating history may make evaluation of its business and future prospects difficult, increasing the risk of investment in REE.
REE faces risks and challenges as an early stage company with a limited operating history. REE has a limited operating history in the automotive industry on which investors can base an evaluation of its business, operating results and prospects. Since REE is in the early stages of commercializing its automotive products, it is difficult to predict REE's future revenues and expenses, and REE has limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect its business. There can be no assurance that customers and potential customers will purchase REE's automotive products at any level or at a level that is profitable for REE. Market conditions, many of which are outside of REE's control and subject to change, including general economic conditions, the availability and terms of financing, civil discourse throughout the globe, effects and impact of climate change and global warming, regulatory requirements and incentives, competition and the pace and extent of vehicle electrification generally, could impact demand for REE's products and ultimately REE's success.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 4
Summary Risk Factors
Investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk, as fully described below. The principal factors and uncertainties that make investing in our Ordinary Shares risky, include, among others: - REE's limited operating history may make evaluation of its business and future prospects difficult, increasing the risk of investment in REE. - Projecting REE's operational or financial performance relies in large part upon assumptions and analyses that are inherently uncertain and subject to risk, and that if proven incorrect could result in significantly lower actual results. - REE may not succeed in controlling the costs associated with its operations. - If the market for commercial EVs does not develop as REE expects or develops slower than REE expects, its business prospects, financial condition, and operating results may be adversely affected. - Adverse conditions in the automotive industry could have adverse effects on REE's results of operations. - REE's business model has not been proven, and any failure to obtain significant orders for its products would have an adverse effect on its operating results, business, or reputation, resulting in substantial liabilities that may exceed its resources. - REE's marketing and sales model may fail to achieve market success or acceptance, which may cause REE not to achieve profitability. - REE's agreements with potential customers, suppliers, dealers and strategic partners are preliminary in nature. - REE's ability to make additional sales following sales of demo vehicles to customers depends in part on REE's ability to prove that REE's products are to the full satisfaction of such customers and to establish and maintain confidence in REE's business prospects among such customers and others within its industry. - REE may not succeed in establishing, maintaining and strengthening the "Powered by REETM" brand. - REE is subject to risks associated with strategic alliances. - REE operates in a highly competitive market and may not be able to compete successfully in the market as a result of rapid changes in EV technology and the entrance of new and existing, larger manufacturers into the EV space. - REE is subject to risks associated with the anticipated timing of REE's initial commercial production and subsequent increased commercial production. - REE's development of an outsourced manufacturing business model may not be successful. - REE is reliant on its UK Engineering Center and REE's Integration Center at Coventry, UK for the design, validation, verification, testing and homologation of its products. - REE will depend on its suppliers, and the inability of such suppliers to deliver the components of REE's products in a timely manner or at all and at prices and volumes acceptable to it could have a material adverse effect on its business, prospects and operating results. - REE's business could be harmed by increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of materials, in particular for lithium-ion battery cells. - REE's production targets are subject to a variety of risks, including the completion of REE's production tooling investment plan, sourcing materials and components from its suppliers on its agreed upon deadlines and securing sufficient funding. - REE targets customers, some which are large corporations with substantial negotiating power, exacting product, quality and warranty standards and potentially competitive internal solutions. - Discontinuation, lack of commercial success, or loss of business with respect to a particular product model for which REE is a significant supplier could reduce REE's sales and adversely affect its profitability. - Pricing pressures, automotive OEM cost reduction initiatives and the ability of automotive OEMs to re-source or cancel vehicle or technology programs may result in lower than anticipated margins, or losses, which may adversely affect REE's business. - REE may become subject to product liability claims. - REE does not currently have extensive experience servicing its products. - REE may be subject to risks associated with autonomous driving and EV technology. - REE is dependent on its founders Daniel Barel and Ahishay Sardes. - REE's success depends, in part, on its ability to attract and recruit key employees and hire qualified employees and management. - Financial results may vary significantly from period to period due to fluctuations in REE's operating costs and other factors, which may or may not be foreseeable. - REE will need to improve its operational and financial systems to support its expected growth. - REE expects that it will need to raise additional funds. - REE may not be able to continue as a going concern based on REE's business plan to start mass production in late 2024 and early 2025 if REE is unable to obtain sufficient additional funding or does not have access to capital to finance its current business plan, and REE may be forced to change its business plan as a result. - REE's financial and operational projections rely in part on existing and future regulations and incentive programs supporting EV adoption. - REE may encounter obstacles outside of its control that slow the adoption of EVs in the market, including but not limited to regulatory requirements or infrastructure limitations. - REE is subject to various environmental laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs on its business and cause delays in building its manufacturing facilities. - REE may become involved in legal and regulatory proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes. - REE's management has limited experience operating a public company, and thus its success in such endeavors cannot be guaranteed. - If REE is unable for any reason to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, such action or inaction could result in a delisting of the Class A Ordinary Shares. - REE is subject to cybersecurity risks to its various systems and software, and any material failure, weakness, interruption, cyber event, incident or breach of security could prevent REE from effectively operating its business or may cause harm to its business that may or may not be reparable. - REE may incur significant costs and expenses in connection with the protection and enforcement of its intellectual property rights, including but not limited to litigation costs. - Lawsuits alleging infringement or misappropriation of intellectual property rights of third parties could be both costly and time consuming and could prevent REE from developing or commercializing its future products. - The dual class structure of our Ordinary Shares has the effect of concentrating voting power. - Conditions in Israel, including the recent attack by Hamas and other terrorist organizations from the Gaza Strip and Israel's war against them, may affect REE's operations.
Debt & Financing2 | 2.4%
Debt & Financing - Risk 1
REE expects that it will need to raise additional funds and these funds may not be available to it when it needs them, or may only be available on unfavorable terms. As a result, REE may be unable to meet its future capital requirements, which could limit its ability to grow and jeopardize its ability to continue its business operations.
In the future, REE expects that it will need to raise additional capital to respond to customer demands, business opportunities, challenges, technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances and it may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities. In order to further business relationships with its potential customer base or partners, REE may issue equity or equity-linked securities to potential customers or partners. REE may not be able to timely secure additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, or at all. If REE raises additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt or other equity-linked securities or if it issues equity or equity-linked securities to potential customers to further business relationships, its existing stockholders could experience significant dilution. Any debt financing obtained by REE in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to its capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for REE to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If REE is unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to REE, when REE requires them, REE's ability to continue to grow or support its business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.
Debt & Financing - Risk 2
Added
REE may not be able to continue as a going concern based on REE's business plan to start mass production in late 2024 and early 2025 if REE is unable to obtain sufficient additional funding or does not have access to capital to finance its current business plan, and REE may be forced to change its business plan as a result.
REE's ability to successfully carry out its business plan is primarily dependent upon its ability to raise sufficient additional capital. There are no assurances, however, that REE will be successful in obtaining an adequate level of financing needed to support its operations. If REE is unable to maintain sufficient financial resources its business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected. As an early-stage growth company, REE's ability to access capital is critical. Until REE can generate sufficient revenue to cover REE's operating expenses, working capital and capital expenditures, REE will need to raise additional capital. Additional equity financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all, and could be dilutive to current stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and dilutive financing instruments. If capital is not available to REE when, and in the amounts needed, REE could be required to delay, scale back, or abandon some or all of our development programs and operations, which could materially harm REE's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Corporate Activity and Growth4 | 4.9%
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1
REE will need to improve its operational and financial systems to support its expected growth, increasingly complex business arrangements and rules governing revenue and expense recognition and any inability to do so will adversely affect REE's billing and reporting.
To manage the expected growth of its operations and increasing complexity, REE will need to improve its operational and financial systems, procedures, and controls and continue to increase systems automation to reduce reliance on manual operations. Any inability to do so may affect REE's billing and reporting. REE's current and planned systems, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support its complex arrangements and the rules governing revenue and expense recognition for its future operations and expected growth. Delays or problems associated with any improvement or expansion of REE's operational and financial systems and controls could adversely affect REE's relationships with its potential customer base, cause harm to its reputation and brand and could also result in errors in its financial and other reporting.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 2
Projecting REE's operational or financial performance relies in large part upon assumptions and analyses that are inherently uncertain and subject to risk, and, that if proven incorrect could result in significantly lower actual results.
Any forecasts provided by us reflect management's estimate of future performance when such forecasts are provided and involve risks, assumptions and uncertainties, projected operating expense, including the level of demand for REE's products, the performance of REE's products, the projected bill of materials for REE's products, the projected gross margin achievable upon sale of REE's products, the development and commercialization of REE's products, potential market and sector opportunities, the roll out of REE's future facilities to assemble REE products, or Integration Centers, the production capacity of REE's UK Integration Center and any future Integration Centers, the selection of REE's products by customers and by segment, and growth in the various markets REE is targeting. These assumptions represent REE's best estimates and there can be no assurance that the actual results will be in line with REE's expectations. In addition, whether actual operating and financial results and business development will be consistent with REE's expectations and assumptions as reflected in forecasts depends on a number of factors, many of which are outside REE's control, including, but not limited to: - the extent to which projections of operating expense and unit sales will reflect the actual operating expense and sale of REE products in the future;- the extent to which REE can actualize the value proposition of REE products including, but not limited to, cost efficiencies related to its business model with limited capital expenditure requirements and projected total cost of ownership, and the availability of mission-specific vehicles that maximize cabin and storage space on a smaller overall footprint;- there is no guarantee that REE will be able to successfully outsource manufacturing and utilize future Integration Centers for the assembly of REE products beyond our first Integration Center in Coventry, United Kingdom, or the UK Integration Center;- the extent to which growth of e-mobility markets and continued shift in consumer preference will conform with projections;- although REE is focusing on Class 3 through 5 platform models for the P7 EV platform, REE's ability to validate, verify and test other REE products compatible with the Class 1 through Class 6 platform, which the failure to do so with respect to any class would reduce REE's projected total addressable market;- the extent to which REE's projected bill of materials conform with the actual bill of materials upon start of production, deviation from which could negatively impact the projected total cost of ownership or projected gross margin;- supply chain disruptions and shortages of raw materials, parts, components and systems used in our production process;- the projected total cost of ownership is based upon a number of projected factors based on management expectations, the deviation from which could negatively impact the actual total cost of ownership offered to potential customers;- homologation of full vehicles;- certification of X-by-Wire technology;- top-hat partnerships to build full EVs;- whether REE can obtain sufficient capital to sustain and grow its business; and - the timing and costs of new and existing marketing and promotional efforts, including with respect to the "Powered by REETM" brand. Other unknown or unpredictable factors could also adversely impact REE's financial or operating performance, and REE undertakes no obligation to update or revise any projections, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. In the event that actual results differ from REE's projected financial information or if REE adjusts its projections in future periods, REE's share price could be materially adversely affected.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 3
REE's management has limited experience operating a public company, and thus its success in such endeavors cannot be guaranteed.
REE's executive officers have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and complying with the complex laws pertaining to public companies in the United States. Their limited experience in dealing with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies could require the devotion of a significant amount of their time to these activities, which will result in less time being devoted to the management and growth of the company, and could also result in increased costs due to hiring consultants to assist with compliance of public company laws, rules and regulations. REE has hired additional employees since becoming a public company has upgraded its finance and accounting systems to an enterprise system suitable for a public company, and a delay could impact its ability or prevent it from timely reporting its operating results, timely filing required reports with the SEC and complying with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The development and implementation of the standards and controls necessary for REE to achieve the level of accounting standards required of a public company in the U.S. may require costs greater than expected. REE may not yet have adequate personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in the accounting policies, practices or internal control over financial reporting required of public companies in the U.S., and it is possible that REE will be required to further expand its employee base and hire additional employees to support its operations as a public company which will increase its operating costs in future periods.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 4
REE is subject to risks associated with strategic alliances.
REE's existing agreements and REE's ability to engage with definitive agreements with current and potential suppliers, dealer or strategic partners are and will be subject to a number of risks with respect to operations that are outside REE's control, any of which may materially and adversely affect REE's business and prospects. REE could experience delays to the extent its current and potential suppliers, dealers or strategic partners do not continue doing business with REE, meet agreed upon timelines, experience capacity constraints or otherwise are unable to deliver components or manufacture products as expected. There is risk of disputes with current and potential suppliers, dealers and strategic partners, and REE could be affected by adverse publicity related to its current and potential suppliers, dealers or strategic partners whether or not such publicity is related to their collaboration with REE. REE's ability to successfully build a premium brand could also be adversely affected by perceptions about the quality of REE's suppliers, dealers or strategic partner's products or other products manufactured by the same suppliers or strategic partners. In addition, although REE intends to be involved in material decisions in the supply chain and manufacturing process, given that REE also will rely on its current and potential suppliers, dealers and strategic partners to meet its quality standards, there can be no assurance that REE will be able to maintain high quality standards for its products. Furthermore, REE will also be exposed to risk associated with sharing its proprietary information with any such third party.
Legal & Regulatory
Total Risks: 15/82 (18%)Above Sector Average
Regulation7 | 8.5%
Regulation - Risk 1
Code Section 7874 may limit the ability of 10X Capital to use certain tax attributes following the Merger, increase REE's U.S. affiliates' U.S. taxable income or have other adverse consequences to REE and REE's shareholders.
Following the acquisition of a U.S. corporation by a foreign corporation, Code Section 7874 can limit the ability of the acquired U.S. corporation and its U.S. affiliates to use U.S. tax attributes (including net operating losses and certain tax credits) to offset U.S. taxable income resulting from certain transactions, as well as result in certain other adverse tax consequences, even if the acquiring foreign corporation is respected as a foreign corporation for purposes of Code Section 7874. In general, if a foreign corporation acquires, directly or indirectly, substantially all of the properties held directly or indirectly by a U.S. corporation, and after the acquisition the former shareholders of the acquired U.S. corporation hold at least 60% (by either vote or value) but less than 80% (by vote and value) of the shares of the foreign acquiring corporation by reason of holding shares in the acquired U.S. corporation, subject to other requirements, certain adverse tax consequences under Section 7874 of the Code may apply. If these rules apply to the Merger, REE and certain of REE's shareholders may be subject to adverse tax consequences including, but not limited to, restrictions on the use of tax attributes with respect to "inversion gain" recognized over a 10-year period following the transaction, disqualification of dividends paid from preferential "qualified dividend income" rates and the requirement that any U.S. corporation owned by REE include as "base erosion payments" that may be subject to a minimum U.S. federal income tax any amounts treated as reductions in gross income paid to certain related foreign persons. Furthermore, certain "disqualified individuals" (including officers and directors of a U.S. corporation) may be subject to an excise tax on certain stock-based compensation held thereby at a rate of 20%. Based on the terms of the Merger Agreement and the rules for determining share ownership under Section 7874 of the Code and the Section 7874 Regulations, REE is not expected to be subject to these rules under Code Section 7874 after the Merger. The above determination, however, is subject to detailed regulations (the application of which is uncertain in various respects and would be impacted by future changes in such U.S. Treasury regulations, with possible retroactive effect) and is subject to certain factual uncertainties. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge whether REE is subject to the above rules or that such a challenge would not be sustained by a court. However, even if REE is not subject to the above adverse consequences under Section 7874, REE may be limited in using its equity to engage in future acquisitions of U.S. corporations over a 36-month period following the Merger. If REE were to be treated as acquiring substantially all of the assets of a U.S. corporation within a 36-month period after the Merger, the Section 7874 Regulations would exclude certain shares of REE attributable to the Merger for purposes of determining the Section 7874 Percentage (as defined below in "Item 10.E. Taxation – U.S. Federal Income Tax Treatment of REE") of that subsequent acquisition, making it more likely that Code Section 7874 will apply to such subsequent acquisition. See "Item 10.E. Taxation – Certain Material U.S. Tax Considerations – U.S. Federal Income Tax Treatment of REE" for a more detailed discussion.
Regulation - Risk 2
Pricing pressures, automotive OEM cost reduction initiatives and the ability of automotive OEMs to re-source or cancel vehicle or technology programs may result in lower than anticipated margins, or losses, which may adversely affect REE's business.
Cost-cutting initiatives adopted by REE's customer base often result in increased downward pressure on pricing. REE expects that its future agreements with automotive OEMs may require step-downs in pricing over the term of the agreement or, if commercialized, over the period of production. In addition, REE's automotive OEM customers are expected to reserve the right to terminate their supply contracts for convenience, which enhances their ability to obtain price reductions. Automotive OEMs also possess significant leverage over their suppliers, including REE, because the automotive component supply industry is highly competitive, serves a limited number of customers and has a high fixed cost base. Accordingly, REE expects to be subject to substantial continuing pressure from automotive OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers to reduce the price of its products. It is possible that pricing pressures beyond REE's expectations could intensify as automotive OEMs pursue restructuring, consolidation and cost-cutting initiatives. If REE is unable to generate sufficient production cost savings in the future to offset price reductions, its gross margin and profitability would be adversely affected.
Regulation - Risk 3
REE has incurred and expects to continue to incur increased costs as a result of its operation as a public company, and its management will be required to devote substantial time and resources to employing new compliance initiatives in order to confirm with the regulatory requirements applicable to public companies.
REE has incurred and expects to continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company that it did not incur as a private company, and these expenses may increase even more after REE is no longer an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act. As a public company, REE is subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as rules adopted, and to be adopted, by the SEC and Nasdaq. REE's management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, REE expects these rules and regulations to substantially increase its legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly. The increased costs will increase REE's net loss. For example, REE expects these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for it to obtain director and officer liability insurance and it may be forced to accept reduced policy limits or incur substantially higher costs to maintain the same or similar coverage. REE cannot predict or estimate the amount or timing of additional costs it may incur to respond to these requirements. The impact of these requirements could also make it more difficult for REE to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on its board of directors, its board committees or as executive officers.
Regulation - Risk 4
REE is subject to U.S. and foreign anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. As a result, REE may face criminal liability and other serious consequences for violations of such laws, which could harm its business.
REE is or will be subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws and regulations in various jurisdictions in which it conducts or in the future may conduct activities, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, and other anti-corruption laws and regulations. The FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 prohibit REE and its officers, directors, employees and business partners acting on its behalf, including agents, from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing or providing anything of value to a "foreign official" for the purposes of influencing official decisions or obtaining or retaining business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. The FCPA also requires companies to make and keep books, records and accounts that accurately reflect transactions and dispositions of assets and to maintain a system of adequate internal accounting controls. The U.K. Bribery Act also prohibits non-governmental "commercial" bribery and soliciting or accepting bribes. A violation of these laws or regulations could adversely affect REE's business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. REE's policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these regulations may not be sufficient and its directors, officers, employees, representatives, consultants, agents, and business partners could engage in improper conduct for which it may be held responsible. Non-compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering or financial and economic sanctions laws could subject REE to whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, and severe administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could materially and adversely affect REE's business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. In addition, changes in economic sanctions laws in the future could adversely impact REE's business and investments in its shares.
Regulation - Risk 5
REE and its suppliers and strategic partners are or may be subject to substantial regulation and unfavorable changes to, or failure by REE or its suppliers and strategic partners to comply with any such regulations could substantially harm REE's business and operating results.
REE's products, and the sale of motor vehicles including EVs in general, are subject to substantial regulation under international, federal, state, and local laws. REE expects to incur significant costs in complying with these regulations. Regulations related to the EV industry and alternative energy are currently evolving and REE faces risks associated with changes to these regulations. To the extent the laws change, REE's products may not comply with applicable international, federal, state or local laws, which would have an adverse effect on its business. Compliance with changing regulations could be burdensome, time consuming, and expensive. To the extent compliance with new regulations is cost prohibitive, REE's business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be adversely affected. Internationally, there may be laws in jurisdictions REE has not yet entered or laws it is unaware of in jurisdictions it has entered that may restrict its sales or other business practices. Even for those jurisdictions REE has analyzed, the laws in this area can be complex, difficult to interpret and may change over time. Continued regulatory limitations and other obstacles interfering with REE's ability to sell products could have a negative and material impact on its business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Regulation - Risk 6
REE's financial and operational projections rely in part on existing and future regulations and incentive programs supporting EV adoption.
There has been a significant growth in the adoption of environmentally driven regulations and incentive programs with low and zero emission targets with the automotive industry being among the most impacted industries. Such measures encourage local and national governments to implement various forms of rebates and credits for the purchase of an EV. In addition, regulations in many cities, states and countries are also encouraging a shift away from - or in some cases banning entirely - fossil fuel-powered vehicles, with many of the earliest of these regulations targeted at buses, trucks and delivery vehicles. REE's financial and operational projections include the continued growth in existing and similar regulations and incentive programs to accelerate the adoption of EV technology into the wider market. There is no guarantee that such regulations and incentive programs will be successful in encouraging adoption of EV technology, and there is no guarantee that new regulations and incentive programs will be adopted or that existing regulations and incentive programs will remain in place. For example, the development of an alternative fuel besides electricity that results in low or no emissions may shift the focus of such regulations and incentive programs away from EV technology. If new regulations and incentive programs fail to be adopted as expected or if existing regulations and incentive programs are terminated, the growth of the EV market generally and REE's business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
Regulation - Risk 7
REE is a foreign private issuer and, as a result, it is not subject to U.S. proxy rules and is subject to Exchange Act reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of a U.S. domestic public company.
REE reports under the Exchange Act as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Because REE qualifies as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, it is exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including (1) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act, (2) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time and (3) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, although it is subject to Israeli laws and regulations with regard to certain of these matters and intends to furnish comparable quarterly information on Form 6-K. In addition, foreign private issuers are not required to file their annual report on Form 20-F until 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, while U.S. domestic issuers that are accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K within 75 days after the end of each fiscal year and U.S. domestic issuers that are large accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K within 60 days after the end of each fiscal year. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from Regulation FD, which is intended to prevent issuers from making selective disclosures of material information. As a result of all of the above, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of a company that is not a foreign private issuer.
Litigation & Legal Liabilities2 | 2.4%
Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 1
REE may become involved in legal and regulatory proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes, which could have an adverse effect on its profitability and consolidated financial position.
REE may be, from time to time, involved in litigation, regulatory proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes that may be significant. These matters may include, without limitation, disputes with REE's suppliers and strategic partners and its customer and dealer base, intellectual property claims, stockholder litigation, government investigations, class action lawsuits, personal injury claims, environmental issues, customs and VAT disputes and employment and tax issues. In addition, REE could face in the future a variety of labor and employment claims against it, which could include but is not limited to general discrimination, wage and hour, privacy, ERISA or disability claims. In such matters, government agencies or private parties may seek to recover from REE very large, indeterminate amounts in penalties or monetary damages (including, in some cases, treble or punitive damages) or seek to limit REE's operations in some way. These types of lawsuits could require significant management time and attention or could involve substantial legal liability, adverse regulatory outcomes, and/or substantial expenses to defend. Often these cases raise complex factual and legal issues and create risks and uncertainties. For example, in December 2022, a lawsuit was filed alleging that REE and its U.S. based subsidiaries stole certain trade secrets and requested, inter alia, monetary damages in an amount of no less than US$2.6 billion and exemplary damages in the amount of no less than US$5.2 billion. For more information, see "Item 8: Financial Information-Legal Proceedings". This lawsuit, if successful, would have a material adverse impact on REE's operating results and consolidated financial position.
Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 2
REE may become subject to product liability claims, which could harm its financial condition and liquidity if it is not able to successfully defend or insure against such claims.
REE may become subject to product liability claims, even those without merit, which could harm its business reputation, prospects, operating results, and financial condition. The automobile industry experiences significant product liability claims and REE faces inherent risk of exposure to claims in the event its products do not perform as expected or malfunction in a manner that causes personal injury or death. REE's risks in this area are particularly pronounced given it has limited field experience with its products. A successful product liability claim against REE could require REE to pay a substantial monetary award. Moreover, a product liability claim could generate substantial negative publicity about REE's products and business and inhibit or prevent commercialization of other future product, which would have a material adverse effect on REE's brand, business, prospects and operating results. To the extent that REE has insurance coverage, it might not be sufficient to cover all potential product liability claims. Any lawsuit seeking significant monetary damages either in excess of REE's coverage, or outside of REE's coverage, may have a material adverse effect on REE's reputation, business and financial condition. REE may not be able to secure additional product liability insurance coverage on commercially acceptable terms or at reasonable costs when needed, particularly if it does face liability for its products and is forced to make a claim under its policy.
Taxation & Government Incentives3 | 3.7%
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1
The IRS may not agree that REE should be treated as a non-U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Although REE is incorporated and tax resident in Israel, the IRS may assert that it should be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 7874 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a corporation is generally considered a U.S. "domestic" corporation if it is created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof, or the District of Columbia. Because REE is not so created or organized (but is instead incorporated only in Israel), it would generally be classified as a foreign corporation (that is, a corporation other than a U.S. "domestic" corporation) under these rules. Section 7874 of the Code provides an exception under which a corporation created or organized only under foreign law may, in certain circumstances, be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Based on the terms of the Merger Agreement and the rules for determining share ownership under Code Section 7874 and the Treasury regulations promulgated under Code Section 7874 (the "Section 7874 Regulations"), REE is not expected to be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Code Section 7874 after the Merger. However, the application of Section 7874 of the Code is complex, is subject to detailed regulations (the application of which is uncertain in various respects and would be impacted by changes in such U.S. tax laws and regulations with possible retroactive effect) and is subject to certain factual uncertainties. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the status of REE as a foreign corporation under Code Section 7874 or that such challenge would not be sustained by a court. If the IRS were to successfully challenge under Code Section 7874 REE's status as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, REE and certain REE shareholders could be subject to significant adverse tax consequences, including a higher effective corporate income tax rate on REE and future withholding taxes on certain REE shareholders, depending on the application of any income tax treaty that might apply to reduce such withholding taxes. In particular, holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and/or Warrants would be treated as holders of stock and warrants of a U.S. corporation. See "Item 10.E. Taxation – Certain Material U.S. Tax Considerations – U.S. Federal Income Tax Treatment of REE" for a more detailed discussion.
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 2
The terms of grants received from the Israeli government require us to satisfy specified conditions in order to transfer outside of Israel the manufacture of products based on know-how funded by the Israel Innovation Authority or to transfer outside of Israel the know-how itself.
Under the Israeli Encouragement of Research, Development and Technological Innovation in Industry Law, 5744-1984, or the Innovation Law, research and development programs that meet specified criteria and are approved by a committee of the Israel Innovation Authority of the Israeli Ministry of Economy and Industry, or IIA (formerly known as Office of Chief Scientist), are eligible for grants from the IIA. The grant amounts are determined by the research committee and are typically a percentage of the project's expenditures. Under most programs, the grantee is required to pay royalties to the State of Israel from the sale of products developed under the program. REE's research and development efforts in relation to its Softwheel products have been partially financed through royalty-bearing and non-royalty bearing grants from the IIA in the total amount of $1,215,000. As of December 31, 2023, REE's remaining contingent obligation with respect to royalty-bearing participation received or accrued, net of royalties paid or accrued, totaled approximately $733,000. Under the research and development agreements with the IIA and pursuant to applicable laws, REE is required to pay royalties at the rate of 3-5% sales of products that incorporate know-how developed with the IIA-funded, royalty-bearing grants. Such royalties are due up to an amount equal to 100% of the IIA grants received, linked to the U.S. dollar plus interest. Until October 25, 2023, the interest was calculated at a rate based on 12-month LIBOR applicable to U.S. Dollar deposits. However, on October 25, 2023, the IIA published a directive concerning changes in royalties to address the expiration of the LIBOR. Under such directive, regarding IIA grants approved by the IIA prior to January 1, 2024 but which are outstanding thereafter, as of January 1, 2024 the annual interest is calculated at a rate based on 12-month SOFR, or at an alternative rate published by the Bank of Israel plus 0.72%; and, for grants approved on or following January 1, 2024 the annual interest shall be the higher of (i) the 12 months SOFR interest rate, plus 1%, or (ii) a fixed annual interest rate of 4%. If REE returns to production of these products outside of Israel and generates sales, the ceiling will increase based on the percentage of production that is outside of Israel, up to a maximum of 300% of the IIA grants, linked to the dollar and bearing interest as noted above. - Local Manufacturing Obligation. The terms of the grants under the Innovation Law require that REE manufacture the products developed with these grants in Israel (but do not restrict the sale of products that incorporate the know-how). Under the regulations promulgated under the Innovation Law, the products may be manufactured outside Israel by REE or by another entity only if prior approval is received from the IIA (such approval is not required for the transfer of up to 10% of the manufacturing capacity in the aggregate, in which case a notice must be provided to the IIA and not objected to by the IIA within 30 days of such notice). - Know-How transfer limitation ?The Innovation Law restricts the ability to transfer know-how funded by the IIA outside of Israel. Transfer of IIA funded know-how outside of Israel requires prior approval of the IIA and may be subject to payments to the IIA, calculated according to formulae provided under the Innovation Law. If REE wishes to transfer IIA funded know-how, the terms for approval will be determined according to the nature of the transaction and the consideration paid to REE in connection with such transfer. ?Approval of transfer of IIA funded know-how to another Israeli company may be granted only if the recipient abides by the provisions of the Innovation Law and related regulations, including the restrictions on the transfer of know-how and manufacturing rights outside of Israel. - Change of Control. Any non-Israeli citizen, resident or entity that, among other things, (i) becomes a holder of 5% or more of REE's share capital or voting rights, (ii) is entitled to appoint one or more of REE's directors or our chief executive officer or (iii) serves as one of REE's directors or as its chief executive officer (including holders of 25% or more of the voting power, equity or the right to nominate directors in such direct holder, if applicable) is required to notify the IIA and undertake to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to the grant programs of the IIA, including the restrictions on transfer described above. Approval to manufacture products outside of Israel or consent to the transfer of IIA funded know-how, if requested, is within the discretion of the IIA. Furthermore, the IIA may impose certain conditions on any arrangement under which it permits us to transfer IIA funded know-how or manufacturing out of Israel. The consideration available to REE's shareholders in a future transaction involving the transfer outside of Israel of know-how developed with IIA funding (such as a merger or similar transaction) may be reduced by any amounts that REE is required to pay to the IIA.
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 3
The intended tax effects of REE's corporate structure and intercompany arrangements depend on the application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions and on how REE operates its business.
REE is incorporated in and a tax resident in Israel. REE currently has subsidiaries in the UK, Germany, the U.S. and Japan. If REE succeeds in growing its business, REE expects to conduct increased operations through its subsidiaries in various countries and tax jurisdictions, in part through intercompany service agreements between REE and its subsidiaries. In that case, REE's corporate structure and intercompany transactions, including the manner in which REE develops and uses its intellectual property, will be organized so that REE can achieve its business objectives in a tax-efficient manner and in compliance with applicable transfer pricing rules and regulations. If two or more affiliated companies are located in different countries or tax jurisdictions, the tax laws and regulations of each country generally will require that transfer prices be the same as those between unrelated companies dealing at arm's length and that appropriate documentation be maintained to support the transfer prices. While REE believes that it operates in compliance with applicable transfer pricing laws and intends to continue to do so, its transfer pricing procedures are not binding on applicable taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required in evaluating REE's tax positions and determining its provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. For example, REE's effective tax rates could be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates or by changes in the relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations. In addition, its effective tax rate and the availability of any tax holidays could be adversely affected if REE does not obtain favorable tax rulings from certain taxing authorities. As REE intends to operate in various countries and taxing jurisdictions, the application of tax laws can be subject to diverging and sometimes conflicting interpretations by taxing authorities of these jurisdictions. It is not uncommon for taxing authorities in different countries to have conflicting views, for instance, with respect to, among other things, the manner in which the arm's length standard is applied for transfer pricing purposes, or with respect to the valuation of intellectual property. In addition, tax laws are dynamic and subject to change as new laws are passed and new interpretations of the law are issued or applied. REE continues to assess the impact of such changes in tax laws and interpretations on its business and may determine that changes to its structure, practice, tax positions or the manner in which it conducts its business are necessary in light of such changes and developments in the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which REE operates. Such changes may nevertheless be ineffective in avoiding an increase in its consolidated tax liability, which could adversely affect its financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. If taxing authorities in any of these countries were to successfully challenge REE's transfer prices as not reflecting arm's length transactions, they could require REE to adjust its transfer prices and thereby reallocate its income to reflect these revised transfer prices, which could result in a higher tax liability to REE. In addition, if the country from which the income is reallocated does not agree with the reallocation, both countries could tax the same income, potentially resulting in double taxation. If taxing authorities were to allocate income to a higher tax jurisdiction, subject REE's income to double taxation or assess interest and penalties, it would increase REE's consolidated tax liability, which could adversely affect its financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
Environmental / Social3 | 3.7%
Environmental / Social - Risk 1
REE is subject to stringent and changing privacy laws, regulations and standards, information security policies and contractual obligations related to data privacy and security. REE's actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm its business. Such legal requirements are evolving, uncertain and may require improvements in, or changes to, REE's policies and operations.
REE expects to face significant challenges with respect to information security and privacy, including the storage, transmission and sharing of confidential information. In the future, REE plans to transmit and store confidential and private information of its business customers, such as personal information, including names, accounts, user IDs and passwords, and payment or transaction related information. REE has adopted strict information security policies and deployed advanced measures to implement the policies, including, among others, advanced encryption technologies, and plans to continue to deploy additional measurers as REE grows. However, advances in technology, an increased level of sophistication and diversity of REE's products and services, an increased level of expertise of hackers, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or others can still result in a compromise or breach of the measures that REE uses. If REE is unable to protect its systems, and hence the information stored in its systems, from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction, such problems or security breaches could cause a loss, give rise to REE's liabilities to the owners of confidential information or even subject it to fines and penalties. In addition, complying with various laws and regulations could cause REE to incur substantial costs or require it to change its business practices, including its data practices, in a manner adverse to REE's business. In addition, REE will need to comply with increasingly complex and rigorous regulatory standards enacted to protect business and personal data in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere. For example, the European Union adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which became effective on May 25, 2018 and the State of California adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, or CCPA, which became effective in January 2020. Both the GDPR and the CCPA impose additional obligations on companies regarding the handling of personal data and provides certain individual privacy rights to persons whose data is stored. Compliance with existing, proposed and recently enacted laws (including implementation of the privacy and process enhancements called for under the GDPR) and regulations can be costly and may place restrictions REE's business and the manner in which it interacts with its customers. Any failure to comply with applicable regulations could also result in regulatory enforcement actions against REE, and misuse of or failure to secure personal information could also result in violation of data privacy laws and regulations, proceedings against REE by governmental entities or others, and damage to its reputation and credibility, and could have a negative impact on revenues and profits. Significant capital and other resources may be required to protect against information security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches or to comply with REE's privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations. The resources required may increase over time as the methods used by hackers and others engaged in online criminal activities are increasingly sophisticated and constantly evolving. Any failure or perceived failure by REE to prevent information security breaches or to comply with privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data, could cause REE's potential customer base to lose trust in REE and could expose REE to legal claims. Any perception by the public that online transactions or the privacy of user information are becoming increasingly unsafe or vulnerable to attacks could inhibit the growth of online retail and other online services generally and decrease demand in the last-mile and mid-market delivery markets, which may reduce the number of orders REE receives. The global data protection landscape is rapidly evolving, and implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. REE may not be able to monitor and react to all developments in a timely manner. For example, California adopted the CCPA, which became effective in January 2020. The CCPA establishes a privacy framework for covered businesses, including an expansive definition of personal information and data privacy rights for California residents. The CCPA includes a framework with potentially severe statutory damages and private rights of action. The CCPA requires covered businesses to provide new disclosures to California residents, provide them new ways to opt-out of certain disclosures of personal information, and allow for a new cause of action for data breaches. As REE expands its operations, the CCPA may increase REE's compliance costs and potential liability. Some observers have noted that the CCPA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the United States. Other states have begun to propose similar laws. Compliance with any applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations is a rigorous and time-intensive process, and REE may be required to put in place additional mechanisms to comply with such laws and regulations. REE publishes privacy policies and other documentation regarding its collection, processing, use and disclosure of personal information and/or other confidential information. Although REE endeavors to comply with its published policies and other documentation, REE may at times fail to do so or may be perceived to have failed to do so. Moreover, despite its efforts, REE may not be successful in achieving compliance if REE's employees, contractors, service providers or vendors fail to comply with its published policies and documentation. Such failures can subject REE to potential local, state and federal action if they are found to be deceptive, unfair, or misrepresentative of its actual practices. Claims that REE has violated individuals' privacy rights or failed to comply with data protection laws or applicable privacy notices even if REE is not found liable, could be expensive and time-consuming to defend and could result in adverse publicity that could harm its business.
Environmental / Social - Risk 2
REE intends to retain certain personal information about its products, customers, employees and others that, if compromised, could have a material, adverse impact on REE's financial performance and results of operations or prospects.
REE plans to collect, store, transmit and otherwise process data from products, customers, employees and others as part of its business and operations, which may include personal data or confidential or proprietary information. REE also works with suppliers and strategic partners that collect, store and process such data on its behalf and in connection with its products. There can be no assurance that any security measures that REE or its suppliers and strategic partners have implemented will be effective against current or future security threats. If a compromise of data were to occur, REE may become liable under its contracts with other parties and under applicable law for damages and incur penalties and other costs to respond to, investigate and remedy such an incident. REE's systems, networks and physical facilities could be breached or personal information could otherwise be compromised due to employee error or malfeasance, if, for example, third parties attempt to fraudulently induce REE's employees or REE's customers to disclose information or user names and/or passwords. Third parties may also exploit vulnerabilities in, or obtain unauthorized access to, products, systems, networks and/or physical facilities utilized by REE's service providers and vendors.
Environmental / Social - Risk 3
REE is subject to various environmental laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs on its business and cause delays in building its manufacturing facilities.
REE's operations are and will be subject to international, federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including laws relating to the use, handling, storage, disposal of and human exposure to hazardous materials. Environmental and health and safety laws and regulations can be complex, and REE has limited experience complying with them. Moreover, REE expects that it will be affected by future amendments to such laws or other new environmental and health and safety laws and regulations, which may require REE to change its operations, potentially resulting in a material adverse effect on its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. These laws can give rise to liability for administrative oversight costs, cleanup costs, property damage, bodily injury, fines and penalties. Capital and operating expenses needed to comply with environmental laws and regulations can be significant, and violations may result in substantial fines and penalties, third-party damages, suspension of production or a cessation of REE's operations. Contamination at properties REE will own or operate, REE formerly owned or operated or to which hazardous substances were sent by REE, may result in liability for REE under environmental laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, which can impose liability for the full amount of remediation-related costs without regard to fault, for the investigation and cleanup of contaminated soil and ground water, for building contamination and impacts to human health and for damages to natural resources. The costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations and any claims concerning noncompliance, or liability with respect to contamination in the future, could have a material adverse effect on REE's financial condition or operating results.
Production
Total Risks: 14/82 (17%)Below Sector Average
Manufacturing5 | 6.1%
Manufacturing - Risk 1
REE does not currently have extensive experience servicing its products. If REE is unable to address the service requirement of its potential customer and dealer base, its business may be materially adversely affected.
REE plans to work with strategic partners to provide predictive maintenance scheduling through smart service and maintenance artificial intelligence, or AI, in combination with over-the-air updates that seek to ensure maintenance is not performed on a standard schedule, but rather before a part will fail, which is expected to offer significant savings for unnecessary part replacements and drastically reduce downtime. There is no guarantee that REE will be successful in developing the necessary technology to actualize predictive maintenance scheduling. In addition, REE servicing may primarily be carried out through third parties certified by REE. Although such potential servicing partners may have experience in servicing other products, they will initially have limited experience in servicing REE products. There can be no assurance that REE service arrangements will adequately address the service requirements of its potential customer and dealer base to their satisfaction, or that REE and its potential servicing partners will have sufficient resources to meet these service requirements in a timely manner as the volume of products REE deliver increases. In addition, if REE is unable to roll out and establish a widespread service network that complies with applicable laws, user satisfaction could be adversely affected, which in turn could materially and adversely affect REE's reputation, sales, results of operations, and prospects.
Manufacturing - Risk 2
REE is subject to risks associated with the anticipated timing of REE's initial commercial production and subsequent increased commercial production.
REE does not know whether its suppliers or strategic partners will be able to develop efficient, automated, low-cost production capabilities and processes and reliable sources of component supply, that will enable REE to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards, as well as the production volumes, required to successfully mass market REE's products on its anticipated timeframe. Even if REE and its suppliers and strategic partners are successful in developing the initial production processes, developing future high volume production capability, and reliably sourcing the component supply, REE does not know whether it will be able to do so in a manner that avoids significant delays and cost overruns, including those that result from factors beyond its control such as problems with suppliers and strategic partners or dealing with force majeure events, or that meets its products commercialization schedules or that satisfies the requirements of its potential customer base. Any failure to develop such production processes and capabilities within REE's projected costs and timelines could have a material adverse effect on its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Manufacturing - Risk 3
The efficiency of battery usage in EVs declines over time, which may negatively impact potential customers' decisions with regards to purchasing REE's products.
REE anticipates that the range of its products will decline over time as the batteries deteriorate. Other factors such as usage, time and stress patterns may also impact the battery's ability to hold a charge, which would decrease REE's products' range before needing to refuel. Such battery deterioration and the related decrease in range may negatively influence potential customer decisions, which would negatively affect REE's operating results and financial condition.
Manufacturing - Risk 4
REE's products will make use of lithium-ion battery cells, which can be dangerous in certain circumstances, including but not limited to the possibility that such cells may catch fire or vent smoke and flame.
The fuel source for REE products will make use of lithium-ion cells. On rare occasions, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials as well as other lithium-ion cells. While REE has taken measures to enhance the safety of its designs, a field or testing failure of its products could occur in the future, which could subject REE to lawsuits, product recalls, or redesign efforts, all of which would be time-consuming and expensive. Also, negative public perceptions regarding the suitability of lithium-ion cells for automotive applications or any future incident involving lithium-ion cells such as a vehicle or other fire, even if such incident does not involve REE's products, could seriously harm its business. In addition, REE's suppliers and strategic partners are expected to store a significant number of lithium-ion cells at their facilities. Any mishandling of battery cells may cause disruption to the operation of such facilities. A safety issue or fire related to the cells could disrupt operations or cause manufacturing delays. Such damage or injury could lead to adverse publicity and potentially a safety recall. Moreover, any failure of a competitor's EV or energy storage product may cause indirect adverse publicity for REE and its products. Such adverse publicity could negatively affect REE's brand and harm its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Manufacturing - Risk 5
Added
REE's production plan is focused on scaling up production in two phases. Phase 1 of the production plan relates to producing low hundreds of vehicles in the U.S. with targeting Bill of Material, or BOM, break even, and phase 2 of the production plan relates to producing low thousands of vehicles in the following year after completion of phase 1 . Such target is subject to a variety of risks, including the completion of REE's production tooling investment plan, sourcing materials and components from REE's suppliers on its agreed upon deadlines and securing sufficient funding.
REE's business plan includes scaling up the production of low hundreds of trucks in the U.S. (phase 1) and low thousands in the following year after completion of phase 1. However, this production plan relies on our ability to complete REE's production tooling investment plan, securing materials from REE's suppliers on its agreed upon deadlines and securing funding primarily for working capital purposes. If REE is unable to complete its production tooling investment plan, or if its suppliers face delays in delivering materials to REE from its expected timelines, REE may not meet its production plan timing. In addition, REE's production plan relies on its ability to finance the required working capital needs by raising sufficient funds therefore, if REE is unable to secure sufficient funding, REE may not meet our production targets. Not meeting its 2024 or 2025 production targets could materially and negatively impact REE's business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Employment / Personnel3 | 3.7%
Employment / Personnel - Risk 1
REE's business may be adversely impacted by the labor and union activities of its own employees, as well of those of any of its potential affiliates, business partners, suppliers, or otherwise related entities.
Although none of REE's employees are currently represented by a labor union, it is common throughout the automobile industry for many employees to belong to a union, which can result in higher employee costs and increased risk of work stoppages. REE may also directly and indirectly depend upon other companies with unionized work forces, such as parts suppliers, trucking and freight companies, shipping yards, and docks, and work stoppages or strikes organized by such unions could have a material adverse impact on REE's business, financial condition or operating results.
Employment / Personnel - Risk 2
REE's success depends, in part, on its ability to attract and recruit key employees and hire qualified employees and management.
REE's success depends, in part, on its ability to retain its key personnel. The unexpected loss of or failure to retain one or more of its key employees could affect its business. REE's success also depends, in part, on its continuing ability to identify, hire, attract, train and develop other highly qualified personnel. Because REE's products are based on different technology than traditional internal combustion engines, individuals with sufficient training in alternative fuel, technology or EVs may not be available, and as a result, REE will need to expend significant time and expense training the employees it hires. Competition for individuals with experience designing, manufacturing and servicing EVs or their related technology, parts and products is intense, and REE may not be able to attract, integrate, train, motivate or retain additional highly qualified personnel in the future. In addition, sustained declines in our share price or lower share performance relative to competitors could negatively impact REE's appeal as an employer, harm employee morale, increase employee turnover and/or reduce the retention value of REE's share-based compensation. The failure to attract, integrate, train, motivate and retain these additional employees could materially adversely harm its business and prospects.
Employment / Personnel - Risk 3
REE is dependent on its founders Daniel Barel and Ahishay Sardes.
REE is dependent on the services of Daniel Barel, co-founder, director and Chief Executive Officer, and Ahishay Sardes, its co-founder, director and Chief Technology Officer. Mr. Barel and Mr. Sardes are significant influences and drivers of REE's business plan. If either Mr. Barel or Mr. Sardes were to discontinue his service to REE, REE would be significantly disadvantaged.
Supply Chain2 | 2.4%
Supply Chain - Risk 1
REE is reliant on its UK Engineering Center and REE's UK Integration Center in Coventry, UK for the design, validation, verification, testing and homologation of its products.
In 2022, REE built its first UK Integration Center and highly automated launch factory in Coventry, United Kingdom. The new UK Integration Center and the existing UK Engineering Center, which are strategically located next to each other, are intended to expedite REE's strategic plans to meet anticipated global demand. The UK Engineering Center is spearheading REE product design, validation, verification and testing, as well as product homologation. REE also has access to world-class test facilities and a proving ground for physical testing and validation of the REE products at the UK Integration Center and the UK Engineering Center. The UK Integration Center, alongside the UK Engineering Center, and the facilities available therein, are integral to REE's ability to develop its products. Any loss of access or disputes related to the UK Integration Center or the UK Engineering Center have the potential to adversely impact REE's ability to develop its products on time to meet commercialization timeline, or at all. REE's utilization of its UK Integration Center and the UK Engineering Center are and will be subject to risks, including with respect to: - REE's ability to maintain arrangements on reasonable terms with third parties for the provision of testing facilities and testing services with respect to REE products;- REE's ability to attract, recruit, hire, retain and train a sufficient number of skilled employees to effectively staff the UK Integration Center and the UK Engineering Center; and - REE's reliance on outside contractors for the provision of certain services and associated risks related to monitoring and protecting IP, contractual disputes and certain inherent cybersecurity risks. The testing facilities may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, flooding, fire and power outages, or by health epidemics, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which may render it difficult or impossible for REE to validate, verify and test REE products for some period of time. The inability to validate, verify and test REE products or the resulting delay to REE's commercialization schedule if the testing facilities are inoperable for even a short period of time may result in the loss of potential customers or harm REE's reputation.
Supply Chain - Risk 2
REE depends on its suppliers, including but not limited to body manufacturers and battery providers, some of which will be single or limited source suppliers, and the inability of such suppliers to deliver the components of REE's products in a timely manner or at all and at prices and volumes acceptable to it could have a material adverse effect on its business, prospects and operating results.
REE relies on suppliers and strategic partners for the provision and development of many of the components and materials used in its products. While REE plans to obtain components from multiple suppliers and strategic partners whenever possible, some of the components used in its products may be purchased by REE from a single source. REE's suppliers and strategic partners may not be able to meet their product specifications and performance characteristics, which would impact REE's ability to achieve its product specifications and performance characteristics as well. Additionally, REE's suppliers and strategic partners may be unable to obtain required certifications for their products for which REE plans to use or provide warranties that are necessary for REE's solutions. If REE is unable to obtain components and materials used in its products from its suppliers or if its suppliers decide to create or supply a competing product, REE's business could be adversely affected. REE has less negotiating leverage with suppliers than larger and more established automobile manufacturers and may not be able to obtain favorable pricing and other terms. While REE believes that it may be able to establish alternate supply relationships and can obtain or engineer replacement components for its single source components, REE may be unable to do so in the short term, or at all, at prices or quality levels that are favorable to REE, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. REE expects to purchase various types of equipment, raw materials and manufactured component parts from its suppliers or strategic partners. If these suppliers or strategic partners experience substantial financial difficulties, cease operations, or otherwise face business disruptions, REE may be required to provide substantial financial support to ensure supply continuity or would have to take other measures to ensure components and materials remain available. Any disruption could affect's REE's ability to deliver products and could increase REE's costs and negatively affect its liquidity and financial performance.
Costs4 | 4.9%
Costs - Risk 1
REE may not succeed in controlling the costs associated with its operations.
REE will require significant capital to develop and grow its business, including developing and assembling REE products, building future Integration Centers, maintaining the current UK Integration Center and developing REE's intellectual property portfolio and brand. REE has incurred, and expects to continue to incur, significant expenses that have and will impact its profitability, including research and development expenses, sales and distribution expenses as REE builds its brand and markets its products, and general and administrative expenses as it scales its operations. REE's ability to become profitable in the future will not only depend on its ability to successfully market its products, but also to control its costs. If REE is unable to efficiently design, assemble, market, sell and distribute its products, then we may not be able to achieve profitable operations. During February 2023, we took steps to lower our expenses through a targeted reduction in headcount of approximately 11% of the Company's workforce. To date, the adjustments that we have made to our headcount have had a limited impact on our overall business plan and we are able to continue our focus on producing mission-specific Class 1 through Class 6 EVs, focusing primarily on Class 3 through 5 platform models on the P7 EV platform. If we are unsuccessful in generating orders for our products or are unable to raise additional capital, we may need to further reduce our expenses.
Costs - Risk 2
REE's business could be harmed by increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of materials, in particular for lithium-ion battery cells.
REE and its suppliers may experience increases in the cost of or a sustained interruption in the supply or shortage of commodities, raw materials and other inputs used by REE and its suppliers in their businesses and products, such as steel, lithium-ion battery cells and semiconductors, which could adversely affect REE's future profitability or REE's ability to timely execute its business plan. The prices for these materials fluctuate and the available supply of these materials may be unstable, depending on market conditions, fluctuations in global demand, including as a result of increased production of EVs by REE's competitors, geopolitical risk and other economic and political factors. In particular, a global semiconductor supply shortage has had, and is continuing to have, wide-ranging effects across multiple industries, particularly the automotive industry. Any such increase, supply interruption or shortage could materially and negatively impact REE's business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Costs - Risk 3
Financial results may vary significantly from period to period due to fluctuations in REE's operating costs and other factors, which may or may not be foreseeable.
REE expects its period-to-period financial results to vary based on its operating costs, which REE anticipates will fluctuate as the pace at which it continues to design, develop and produce new products and increase production capacity. Additionally, REE's revenues from period to period may fluctuate as it develops and introduces new products or introduces existing products to new markets for the first time. As a result of these factors, REE believes that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of its financial results, especially in the short term, are not necessarily meaningful and that these comparisons cannot be relied upon as indicators of future performance. Moreover, REE's financial results may not meet expectations of equity research analysts, ratings agencies or investors, who may be focused only on quarterly financial results. If any of this occurs, the trading price of our Class A Ordinary Shares could fall substantially, either suddenly or over time.
Costs - Risk 4
REE's insurance strategy may not be adequate to protect it from all liabilities business risks.
In the ordinary course of business, REE may be subject to losses resulting from products liability, accidents, acts of God and other claims against REE, for which REE may have no insurance coverage. While REE currently carries commercial general liability, workers' compensation and directors' and officers' insurance policies, REE may not maintain as much insurance coverage as other EV market participants do, and in some cases, REE may not maintain any at all. Additionally, the policies that REE does have may include significant deductibles, and REE cannot be certain that its insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future claims against REE. A loss that is uninsured or exceeds policy limits may require REE to pay substantial amounts, which could adversely affect REE's financial condition and operating results. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against REE that exceeds its available insurance coverage, or results in changes to its insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements), could have an adverse effect on its business. In addition, REE cannot be sure that its existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or that REE's insurers will not deny coverage for future claims.
Ability to Sell
Total Risks: 14/82 (17%)Below Sector Average
Competition3 | 3.7%
Competition - Risk 1
REE targets customers, some of which are large corporations with substantial negotiating power, exacting product, quality and warranty standards and potentially competitive internal solutions.
Many of REE's existing and potential customers are large, multinational corporations with substantial negotiating power relative to it and, in some instances, may have internal solutions that are competitive to REE's products. These large, multinational corporations also have significant development resources that may allow them to acquire or develop independently, or in partnership with others, competitive technologies. Meeting the technical requirements and securing design wins with any of these companies will require a substantial investment of REE's time and resources. REE cannot assure you that its products will secure design wins from these or other companies or that it will generate meaningful revenue from the sales of its products to these key customers. If REE's products are not selected by these large corporations or if these corporations develop or acquire competitive technology, it will have an adverse effect on REE's business. In addition, if REE is unable to sell its products to such customers on certain terms, its prospects and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Competition - Risk 2
REE may not be able to compete successfully in the market as a result of rapid changes in EV technology and the entrance of new and existing, larger manufacturers into the EV space.
REE's products are being designed for use with, and depend upon, existing vehicle technology. As new companies and larger, existing vehicle manufacturers enter the EV space, REE may lose any technological advantage it may have had in the marketplace and suffer a decline in its position in the market. As technologies change, REE plans to upgrade or adapt its products to continue to provide products with the latest technology. However, REE's products may become obsolete or REE's research and development efforts may not be sufficient to adapt to changes in or to create the necessary technology to effectively compete. As a result, REE's potential inability to adapt and develop the necessary technology may harm REE's competitive position.
Competition - Risk 3
REE operates in a highly competitive market against a large number of both established competitors and new market entrants, and many market participants have substantially greater resources than REE.
Both the automobile industry generally, and the EV segment in particular, are highly competitive, and REE will be competing for sales with both internal combustion engine, or ICE, vehicles and EVs. Many of REE's current and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and other resources than REE does and may be able to devote greater resources to the design, development, manufacturing, distribution, promotion, sale and support of their products. REE expects competition for EVs to intensify due to increased demand and a regulatory push for alternative fuel vehicles, continuing globalization, and consolidation in the worldwide automotive industry. Factors affecting competition include product quality and features, innovation and development time, pricing, reliability, safety, fuel economy, customer service, and financing terms. Increased competition may lead to lower vehicle unit sales and increased inventory, which may result in downward price pressure and adversely affect REE's business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.
Demand3 | 3.7%
Demand - Risk 1
REE may not be able to accurately estimate demand for its products, which could result in a variety of inefficiencies in its business and hinder its ability to generate revenue. If REE fails to accurately predict its manufacturing requirements, it could incur additional costs or experience delays.
It is difficult to predict REE's future revenues and appropriately budget for its expenses, and REE may have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect its business. REE will be required to provide forecasts of its demand to its suppliers several months or years prior to the scheduled delivery of products to its customers. Currently, there is no historical basis for making judgments on the demand for REE's products or its ability to develop, produce, and deliver products, or REE's profitability in the future. If REE overestimates its requirements, its suppliers may have excess inventory, which indirectly would increase REE's costs. If REE underestimates its requirements, its suppliers may have inadequate inventory, which could interrupt manufacturing of its products and result in delays in shipments and revenues. In addition, lead times for materials and components that REE's suppliers order may vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for each component at a given time. If REE fails to order sufficient quantities of product components in a timely manner, the delivery of products to its potential customer base could be delayed, which would harm REE's business, financial condition and operating results.
Demand - Risk 2
REE may encounter obstacles outside of its control that slow the adoption of EVs in the market, including but not limited to regulatory requirements or infrastructure limitations.
While REE's products are subject to substantial regulation under federal, state and local laws, REE believes that its products will be in compliance with all applicable laws when they are offered to potential customers. Compliance with these regulations could be burdensome, time consuming, and expensive. However, to the extent the laws change, new laws are introduced, or if REE introduces new products in the future, some or all of its products may not continue to comply with applicable international, federal, state or local laws, and require change. REE's products are subject to environmental and safety federal and state regulations, including regulations promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration and various state agencies, and certification required for each new model year in some cases. The risks, delays, and expenses incurred in connection with these compliance activities and with obtaining approval can be substantial. In addition, REE's products involve a novel design and new technology, including locating critical vehicle components (steering, braking, suspension, powertrain and control) into the area between the chassis and the wheel and X-by-Wire control technology, which may not meet existing safety standards or require modification in order to comply with various regulatory requirements. In particular, X-by-Wire technology in general has not received significant regulatory attention globally (including in the U.S.). There is no guarantee that REE's X-by-Wire technology will receive regulatory approval generally, and there is no guarantee that REE's X-by-Wire control technology will comply with any relevant regulation that is put in place in the future. Compliance with regulatory requirements is expensive, at times requiring the replacement, enhancement or modification of equipment, facilities or operations. There can be no assurance that REE will be able to maintain its profitability by offsetting any increased costs of complying with future regulatory requirements.
Demand - Risk 3
Adverse conditions in the automotive industry could have adverse effects on REE's results of operations.
REE's business is directly affected by and significantly dependent on business cycles and other factors affecting the global automobile industry. Automotive production and sales are highly cyclical and depend on general economic conditions and other factors, including consumer spending and preferences, changes in interest rates and credit availability, consumer confidence, fuel costs, fuel availability, environmental impact, governmental incentives and regulatory requirements and political volatility, especially in energy-producing countries and growth markets. In addition, automotive production and sales may be affected by REE's current and potential customers', suppliers', dealers' and strategic partners' ability to continue operating in response to challenging economic conditions and in response to regulatory requirements and other factors. The volume of global automotive production has fluctuated, sometimes significantly, from year to year, and REE expects any such fluctuations to give rise to fluctuations in the demand for its products. Specific to the electric vehicle segment in the automotive industry, challenges have arisen due to a variety of factors, including an increase in the costs of certain components or parts of electric vehicles, such as batteries, caused by supply chain disruptions and shortages of raw materials, market participants over-promising and under-delivering on their production capabilities and the slow deployment and resulting availability of charging networks for electric vehicles. Any significant adverse change in any of these factors may result in a reduction in automotive sales and production by REE's current and potential customers, suppliers, dealers and strategic partners and could have a material adverse effect on REE's business, results of operations and financial condition.
Sales & Marketing7 | 8.5%
Sales & Marketing - Risk 1
Changed
REE's ability to make additional sales following sales of test vehicles to customers depends in part on its ability to prove that REE's products are to the full satisfaction of such customers and to establish and maintain confidence in REE's business prospects among such customers and others within its industry.
REE recently started receiving initial orders for both the P7-C. Such orders present an opportunity for potentially receiving additional orders in the future that could be more meaningful and impactful from a financial perspective. Customers, suppliers, dealers and strategic partners may be less likely to purchase REE's products if it does not timely deliver products in accordance with the technical specifications or if the customers do not believe that REE's business will succeed or that its operations, including providing such partners with maintenance and service through qualified supplier support operations, which has yet to be established, for many years. Similarly, suppliers and other third parties will be less likely to invest time and resources in developing business relationships with REE if they are not convinced that its business will succeed. Accordingly, to build, maintain and grow its business, REE must establish and maintain confidence among customers, dealers, suppliers, analysts and other parties with respect to its ability to execute, its liquidity and business prospects. Maintaining such confidence may be particularly difficult as a result of many factors, including REE's limited operating history, others' unfamiliarity with its products, uncertainty regarding the future of electric vehicles, any delays in scaling production, delivery and service operations to meet demand, competition and REE's production and sales performance compared with market expectations. Many of these factors are largely outside of REE's control, and negative perceptions about REE's business prospects, would likely harm its ability to receive additional orders. In addition, a significant number of new electric vehicle companies have recently entered the automotive industry, which is an industry that has historically had significant barriers to entry and a high rate of failure. If these new entrants or other manufacturers of electric vehicles go out of business, produce vehicles that do not perform as expected or otherwise fail to meet expectations, such failures may have the effect of increasing scrutiny of others in the industry, including REE, and further challenging customer, dealer, supplier and analyst confidence in REE's business prospects.
Sales & Marketing - Risk 2
REE may lose its foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.
As discussed above, REE is a foreign private issuer, and therefore is not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to REE on June 30, 2024. In the future, REE would lose its foreign private issuer status if (1) more than 50% of its outstanding voting securities are owned by U.S. residents and (2) a majority of its directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents, or it fails to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. If REE loses its foreign private issuer status, it will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. REE would also have to comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and its officers, directors and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, it would lose its ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the listing rules of Nasdaq. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, REE would incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that it will not incur as a foreign private issuer.
Sales & Marketing - Risk 3
The average selling prices of REE's products could decrease rapidly over the life of the products, which may negatively affect REE's revenue and gross margin.
REE expects the average selling prices of its products generally to decline as its customer base seeks to commercialize EVs built on the REE products at prices low enough to achieve market acceptance. In order to sell products that have a falling average unit selling price and maintain margins at the same time, REE will need to continually reduce products and manufacturing costs. To manage manufacturing costs, REE must engineer the most cost-effective design for its products. In addition, REE will continuously promote initiatives to reduce labor cost, improve worker efficiency, reduce the cost of materials, use fewer materials and further lower overall product costs by carefully managing component prices, inventory and shipping cost. REE also needs to continually introduce new products with higher sales prices and gross margin in order to maintain its overall gross margin. If REE is unable to manage the cost of older products or successfully introduce new products with higher gross margin, its revenue and overall gross margin would likely decline.
Sales & Marketing - Risk 4
Certain of REE's agreements with potential customers, suppliers, dealers and strategic partners are preliminary in nature.
REE's existing agreements with customers, potential customers, suppliers and strategic partners are pursuant to MOUs or strategic alliance and development agreements, pursuant to which the parties are entering into discussions to evaluate or agree upon a development and strategic plan or to purchase a limited number of test vehicles. Such strategic collaborations are generally non-binding and subject to cancellation by either party or require the achievement of development milestones as a precursor to entering into a further definitive agreement. There can be no guarantee that any of REE's strategic collaborations, suppliers or strategic partners will become customers and failure to do so would have a material adverse effect on REE's business, prospects, financial results and results of operations.
Sales & Marketing - Risk 5
REE's marketing and sales model is different from predominant and current models in the automobile industry, making evaluation of its business, operating results and future prospects difficult. Should such a model fail to achieve market acceptance, REE may not be able to achieve profitability.
REE plans to conduct product marketing and sales directly to delivery and logistic fleets, dealers, e-commerce retailers, new mobility players, MaaS providers and autonomous drive companies by its internal business development and marketing teams. REE's business development and marketing teams continue to focus on expanding relationships with OEMs, delivery and logistic fleets, dealers, e-commerce retailers, new mobility players, MaaS providers and autonomous drive companies and to expand its market to other industries. If REE is unable to achieve this, it could have a material adverse effect on its business, prospects, financial results and results of operations.
Sales & Marketing - Risk 6
REE's business model has not been proven and any failure to obtain significant orders for its products would have an adverse effect on its operating results, business, or reputation, resulting in substantial liabilities that may exceed its resources.
REE's business model is unique because REE can market and sell our products individually or as "Powered by REE™" in a full vehicle solution. This approach depends in large part on REE's ability to maintain existing agreements or enter into definitive agreements that formalize its relationship with customers, suppliers, dealers and strategic partners, as well as retaining and growing customer orders following trials of initial test fleets. Investors should be aware of the difficulties normally encountered by a new player in the EV industry, many of which are beyond REE's control, including substantial risks and expenses in the course of establishing or entering new markets, organizing operations and undertaking marketing activities. The likelihood of REE's success must be considered in light of these risks, expenses, complications, delays and the competitive environment in which REE operates. In addition, REE's plan to outsource manufacturing to suppliers and strategic partners and to utilize its current and future Integration Centers for the assembly of REE products is a novel business strategy and REE cannot guarantee that the strategy will be successful or profitable. REE may be unable to generate sufficient revenues, raise additional capital or operate profitably or to meet projected gross margins, EBITDA and cash flows. REE will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by companies in the early stages of commercialization, including scaling up REE's infrastructure, commercialization and headcount, and may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties or delays in connection with its growth. In addition, REE expects to continue to sustain substantial operating expenses without generating sufficient revenues to cover expenditures. Any investment in REE is therefore highly speculative and could result in the loss of an investor's entire investment.
Sales & Marketing - Risk 7
Discontinuation, lack of commercial success, or loss of business with respect to a particular product model for which REE is a significant supplier could reduce REE's sales and adversely affect its profitability.
If REE is able to secure design wins and its products are included in EV products, it expects to enter into supply agreements with the relevant customers. Market practice dictates that these supply agreements typically require REE to supply a customer's requirements for a particular vehicle model or product. These contracts can have short terms and/or can be subject to renegotiation, sometimes as frequently as annually, all of which may affect product pricing, and may be terminated by REE's potential customers at any time. Therefore, even if REE is successful in obtaining design wins and the systems into which its products are integrated are commercialized, the discontinuation of, the loss of business with respect to, or a lack of commercial success of a particular vehicle model for which REE is a significant supplier could mean that the expected sales of REE's products will not materialize, which may materially and adversely affecting its business.
Brand / Reputation1 | 1.2%
Brand / Reputation - Risk 1
REE may not succeed in establishing, maintaining and strengthening the "Powered by REETM" brand, which could materially and adversely affect customer acceptance of its vehicles and components, thus negatively impacting its business, prospects and projected revenue.
REE intends to market its products as both an individual product and as a full vehicle solution under the "Powered by REETM" brand. The "Powered by REETM" approach reflects REE's mission to become the cornerstone upon which mobility players can build their mission-specific vehicle needs with the goal of completing rather than competing with other market participants. REE's business and prospects are heavily dependent on its ability to develop, maintain and strengthen the "Powered by REETM" brand and the REE brand generally. If REE does not continue to establish, maintain and strengthen its brand, it may lose the opportunity to build a critical mass of customers. Promoting and positioning its brand will likely depend significantly on REE's ability to provide high quality products and engage with its potential customers as intended, and REE has limited experience in these areas. In addition, REE's ability to develop, maintain and strengthen the "Powered by REETM" brand and the REE brand generally will depend heavily on the success of its customer development and branding efforts. REE's novel technology and design may not align with existing or potential consumer preferences and consumers may be reluctant to acquire a vehicle built upon a new and unproven EV platform. In addition, REE could be subject to adverse publicity related to REE's potential customers who build vehicles on REEplatformsTM whether or not such publicity related to such potential customers' "Powered by REETM" vehicles, any negative publicity, whether true or not, could quickly proliferate and harm consumer perceptions and confidence in the "Powered by REETM" brand and the REE brand generally. If REE does not develop and maintain a strong brand, its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be materially and adversely impacted.
Tech & Innovation
Total Risks: 13/82 (16%)Above Sector Average
Innovation / R&D4 | 4.9%
Innovation / R&D - Risk 1
REE's products are in various stages of development and there are risks associated with developing existing advanced prototypes into marketable products.
REE's products are in various stages development. In order to reach the delivery stage REE's products remain subject to further design, validation, verification and testing, as well as product homologation. There is no guarantee that REE will be successful in reaching the delivery stage on the projected timeline, or at all. The establishment of the UK Engineering Center alongside REE's first UK Integration Center at our Coventry, UK campus coupled with the continued partnership at the MIRA Technology Park has provided REE with a proving ground for physical testing and validation of REE products. However, there can be no guarantee that the testing of REE's products will proceed according to schedule or that the REE products will withstand rigorous additional testing. The development of REE's products is and will be subject to risks including, but not limited to, risks associated with: - REE's ability to validate final marketable products;- REE's ability to complete the final marketable product design process on time, if at all;- the ability for REE's products to meet the stringent level of functional safety required for X-by-Wire;- the ability for REE's products to withstand rigorous testing and validation;- the ability for REE's products to satisfy testing and validation standards set by external assessors;- the ability of REE's products to meet existing or future automotive industry standards;- REE's ability to successfully develop and validate true X-by-Wire Control capabilities; and - the ability of X-by-Wire Control technology to obtain additional regulatory approval and achieve widespread market acceptance.
Innovation / R&D - Risk 2
REE's development of an outsourced manufacturing business model may not be successful, which could harm its ability to deliver products and recognize revenue.
REE's business depends in large part on its ability to develop, manufacture and assemble its products. Initially, REE plans to outsource the manufacturing of its products in collaboration with at least one supplier or strategic partner. REE plans to assemble its products at REE's current and future Integration Centers. REE has not yet executed supply or manufacturing agreements with suppliers and strategic partners for volume production of REE's products or any of its other future product offerings. See "Item 4.B. Business Overview - REE's Manufacturing Approach" for more information. If REE is unable to negotiate and finalize all of such definitive agreements it will not be able to produce any products and will not be able to generate any revenue, or the products may become more expensive to deliver with a higher bill of materials, which would have a material adverse effect on its business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the utilization of future Integration Centers for the assembly of REE products is an untested business strategy and there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful or profitable. If REE's suppliers and strategic partners were to experience delays, disruptions, capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations, product shipments could be delayed or rejected or REE's potential customers and dealers could consequently elect to change product demand. These disruptions would negatively impact REE's revenues, competitive position and reputation. In addition, REE's suppliers and strategic partners may rely on certain state tax incentives that may be subject to change or eliminated in the future, which could result in additional costs and delays in production. Further, if REE is unable to successfully manage its relationship with its suppliers and strategic partners, the quality and availability of its products may be harmed. REE's suppliers, dealers and strategic partners could, under some circumstances, decline to accept new purchase orders from or otherwise reduce their business with REE. If REE's suppliers and strategic partners stopped manufacturing REE's products for any reason or reduced manufacturing capacity, REE may be unable to replace the lost manufacturing capacity on a timely and comparatively cost-effective basis, which would adversely impact its operations. REE's reliance on its suppliers and strategic partners, as well as the establishment and operation of REE's current and future Integration Centers, exposes it to a number of risks that are outside its control, including: - the manufacture of certain components that will require significant costs related to non-recurring engineering and tooling costs incurred by REE's suppliers and strategic partners the extent of which is currently unknown;- its inability to control manufacturing yield and unexpected increases in manufacturing costs;- interruptions in shipments if a suppliers or strategic partners are unable to complete production in a timely manner;- its inability to control quality of finished products;- its inability to control delivery schedules;- its inability to control production levels and to meet minimum volume commitments to REE's potential customer base;- its inability to maintain adequate manufacturing capacity;- its inability to secure adequate volumes of acceptable components at suitable prices or in a timely manner;- its inability to establish new Integration Centers at the projected cost of $15 million to $30 million (based on whether such Integration Center is only producing REEcorners™ or is also producing the REEplatformTM) per Integration Center or due to lack of market demands;- inability to accurately assemble products within specified design tolerances;- delays by REE in delivering final component designs to its suppliers and strategic partners;- its inability to implement a sufficient number of future Integration Centers in order to meet demand for REE products in time;- inability to implement a network of future integration;- inability to effectively manage a global network of Integration Centers; and - other delays, backlog in manufacturing and research and development of new models, and cost overruns. REE's ability to develop, manufacture and obtain required regulatory approvals for products of sufficient quality and appeal to its current and potential customer base on schedule and on a large scale is unproven, and the business plan is still evolving. REE may be required to introduce new products models and enhanced versions of existing models. To date, REE has limited experience, as a company, designing, testing, manufacturing, marketing and selling or leasing its electric products and therefore cannot assure you that it will be able to meet customer expectations. Any failure to develop such manufacturing processes and capabilities within REE's projected costs and timelines would have a material adverse effect on its business, prospects, operating results and financial condition. REE does not currently have any plans to establish manufacturing facilities of its own, so failure to establish sufficient agreements with suppliers and strategic partners would significantly hinder REE's ability to manufacture its products. In addition, the manufacturing facilities of REE's potential and strategic partners may be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including earthquakes, flooding, fire and power outages, or by health epidemics, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which may render it difficult or impossible for REE to manufacture its products for some period of time. The inability to manufacture REE's products or the backlog that could develop if the manufacturing facilities of its suppliers and strategic partners are inoperable for even a short period of time may result in the loss of potential customers or harm REE's reputation.
Innovation / R&D - Risk 3
In order to enter into production of its products, REE must develop complex software and technology systems in coordination with its suppliers and strategic partners. REE can provide no guarantee that such systems will be successfully developed.
REE's products will use a substantial amount of third-party and in-house software codes and complex hardware to operate. The development of such advanced technologies are inherently complex, and REE will need to coordinate with its suppliers and strategic partners in order to reach production for its products. Defects and errors may be revealed over time and REE's control over the performance of third-party services and systems may be limited. Thus, REE's potential inability to develop the necessary software and technology systems may harm its competitive position. REE is relying on suppliers and strategic partners to develop a number of emerging technologies for use in its products, including lithium-ion battery technology. These technologies are not today, and may not ever be, commercially viable. There can be no assurances that REE's suppliers and strategic partners will be able to meet the technological requirements, production timing, and volume requirements to support its business plan. In addition, the technology may not comply with the cost, performance useful life and warranty characteristics REE anticipates in its business plan. As a result, REE's business plan could be significantly impacted and REE may incur significant liabilities under warranty claims which could adversely affect its business, prospects, and results of operations.
Innovation / R&D - Risk 4
If the market for commercial EVs does not develop as REE expects or develops slower than REE expects, its business prospects, financial condition, and operating results may be adversely affected.
REE's growth depends upon the adoption of EVs by original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, delivery and logistic fleets, dealers, e-commerce retailers, new mobility players, Mobility-as-a-Service, or MaaS, providers and autonomous drive companies and on REE's ability to produce, assemble and sell products that meet their needs. The entry of EV products into the commercial EV market is a relatively new development and is characterized by rapidly changing technologies and evolving government regulation, industry standards and customer views of the merits of using EVs in their businesses. This process has been slow to date. As part of REE's sales efforts, REE must demonstrate to OEMs, delivery and logistic fleets, dealers, e-commerce retailers, new mobility players, MaaS providers and autonomous drive companies the savings during the life of the vehicle and the lower total cost of ownership, or TCO, of vehicles built on the REE products. REE believes that OEMs, delivery and logistic fleets, dealers, e-commerce retailers, new mobility players, MaaS providers and autonomous drive companies consider many factors when deciding whether to purchase REE's products (or EVs generally) over vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, particularly diesel-fueled or natural gas-fueled vehicles. REE believes these factors include: - the difference in the initial purchase prices of EVs with comparable vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, both including and excluding the effect of government and other subsidies and incentives designed to promote the purchase of EVs;- the TCO of the vehicle over its expected life, which includes the initial purchase price and ongoing operating and maintenance costs;- the availability and terms of financing options for purchases of vehicles and, for EVs, financing options for battery or fuel cell systems;- the availability of tax and other governmental incentives to purchase and operate EVs and future regulations requiring increased use of nonpolluting vehicles;- government regulations and economic incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy;- fuel prices, including volatility in the cost of diesel or a prolonged period of low gasoline and natural gas costs that could decrease incentives to transition to EVs;- the cost and availability of other alternatives to diesel fueled vehicles, such as vehicles powered by natural gas;- corporate sustainability initiatives;- EV quality, performance and safety (particularly with respect to lithium-ion battery packs or fuel cells);- the quality and availability of service for the vehicle, including the availability of replacement parts;- the limited range over which EVs may be driven on a single charge;- increased competition with other companies also developing zero-emission electric and autonomous vehicles;- access to charging stations and related infrastructure costs, and standardization of EV charging systems;- electric grid capacity and reliability; and - macroeconomic factors. If, in weighing these factors, OEMs, delivery and logistic fleets, dealers, e-commerce retailers, new mobility players, MaaS providers and autonomous drive companies determine that there is not a compelling business justification for purchasing EVs, particularly those built on products by REE, then the market for EVs may not develop as REE expects or may develop more slowly than REE expects, which would adversely affect REE's business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. In addition, the reduction, elimination or selective application of tax and other governmental incentives and subsidies resulting from policy changes, or the reduced need for such subsidies and incentives due to the perceived success of the EV, fiscal tightening or other reasons may result in the diminished competitiveness of the EV industry generally or EVs built on the REE products in particular, which could in turn adversely affect REE's business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Further, REE cannot assure that the current governmental incentives and subsidies available for purchasers of EVs will remain available.
Trade Secrets5 | 6.1%
Trade Secrets - Risk 1
In addition to patented technology, REE relies on its unpatented proprietary technology, trade secrets, processes and knowledge.
REE relies on proprietary information (such as trade secrets, know-how and confidential information) to protect intellectual property that may not be patentable or subject to copyright, trademark, trade dress or service mark protection, or that REE believes is best protected by means that do not require public disclosure. REE generally seeks to protect this proprietary information by entering into confidentiality agreements, or consulting, services or employment agreements that contain non-disclosure and non-use provisions with its employees, consultants, contractors and third parties. However, REE may fail to enter into the necessary agreements, and even if entered into, these agreements may be breached or may otherwise fail to prevent disclosure, third-party infringement or misappropriation of its proprietary information, may be limited as to their term and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure or use of proprietary information. REE has limited control over the protection of trade secrets used by its suppliers and strategic partners and could lose future trade secret protection if any unauthorized disclosure of such information occurs. In addition, REE's proprietary information may otherwise become known or be independently developed by its competitors or other third parties. To the extent that its employees, consultants, contractors, advisors and other third parties use intellectual property owned by others in their work for REE, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of REE's proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain protection for its proprietary information could adversely affect its competitive business position. Furthermore, laws regarding trade secret rights in certain markets where REE operates may afford little or no protection to its trade secrets. REE also relies on physical and electronic security measures to protect its proprietary information, but it cannot provide assurance that these security measures will not be breached or provide adequate protection for its property. There is a risk that third parties may obtain and improperly utilize REE's proprietary information to its competitive disadvantage. REE may not be able to detect or prevent the unauthorized use of such information or take appropriate and timely steps to enforce its intellectual property rights.
Trade Secrets - Risk 2
REE may be subject to damages resulting from claims that either it or any of its employees wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their employees' former employers or that they allegedly violated certain covenants, such as non-compete agreements, to which REE or its employees may have been previously or currently bound.
Many of REE's employees were previously employed by other technology or automotive companies or their suppliers. REE may be subject to damages resulting from claims that it or these employees have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers. For example, in December 2022, a lawsuit was filed alleging that the REE and its U.S. based subsidiaries have stolen certain trade secrets and requested, inter alia, monetary damages in an amount of no less than US$2.6 billion and exemplary damages in the amount of no less than US$5.2 billion. For more information, see "Item 8: Financial Information-Legal Proceedings". Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If REE fails in defending such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, it may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. A loss of key personnel or their work product could hamper or prevent REE's ability to commercialize its products, which could severely harm its business. Even if REE is successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and demand on management resources.
Trade Secrets - Risk 3
Patent applications submitted by REE to the relevant authorities may not result in granted patents or may require modification in order to obtain approval.
REE cannot be certain that it is the first inventor of the subject matter to which it has filed a particular patent application, or if it is the first party to file such a patent application. If another party has disclosed the same subject matter, REE may not be entitled to the protection sought by the patent application. Further, the scope of protection of issued patent claims is often difficult to determine. As a result, REE cannot be certain that the patent applications that it files will issue, or that its issued patents will afford protection against competitors with similar technology. In addition, REE's competitors may design around REE's issued patents, which may adversely affect its business, prospects, financial condition or operating results. REE cannot assure that it will be granted patents pursuant to its pending applications. Even if REE's patent applications succeed and it is issued patents, it is still uncertain whether these patents will be contested, circumvented or invalidated in the future. In addition, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide REE with meaningful protection or competitive advantages. The claims under any patents that issue from REE's patent applications may not be broad enough to prevent others from developing technologies that are similar or that achieve results similar to REE's. The intellectual property rights of others could also bar REE from licensing and exploiting any patents that issue from its pending applications. Numerous patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in the fields in which REE has developed and are developing its technology. These patents and patent applications might have priority over REE's patent applications and could subject its patent applications to invalidation. Finally, in addition to those who may claim priority, any of REE's existing or pending patents may also be challenged by others on the basis that they are otherwise invalid or unenforceable.
Trade Secrets - Risk 4
Lawsuits alleging infringement or misappropriation of intellectual property rights of third parties could be both costly and time consuming and could prevent REE from developing or commercializing its future products.
Companies, organizations, or individuals, including REE's competitors, may hold or obtain patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with REE's ability to make, use, develop, sell, lease or market its products which could make it more difficult for REE to operate its business. From time to time, REE may receive communications from holders of patents or trademarks regarding their proprietary rights. Companies holding patents or other intellectual property rights may bring suits alleging infringement of such rights or otherwise assert their rights and urge REE to take licenses. For example, in December 2022, a lawsuit was filed alleging that the REE and its U.S. based subsidiaries have stolen certain trade secrets and requested, inter alia, monetary damages in an amount of no less than US$2.6 billion and exemplary damages in the amount of no less than US$5.2 billion. For more information, see "Item 8: Financial Information-Legal Proceedings". REE's applications and uses of trademarks relating to its design, software or artificial intelligence technologies could be found to infringe upon existing trademark ownership and rights. In addition, if REE is determined to have infringed upon a third party's intellectual property rights, it may be required to do one or more of the following: - cease selling, licensing, or incorporating certain components into, or using products or offering goods or services that incorporate or use the challenged intellectual property;- pay substantial damages;- seek a license from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all;- redesign its products or other goods or services; or - establish and maintain alternative branding for its products and services. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against REE and REE's failure or inability to obtain a license to the infringed technology or other intellectual property right, REE's business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs, negative publicity and diversion of resources and management attention.
Trade Secrets - Risk 5
REE may incur significant costs and expenses in connection with the protection and enforcement of its intellectual property rights, including but not limited to litigation costs.
REE relies on a combination of patents, trade secrets (including know-how), employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, copyrights, trademarks, intellectual property licenses, and other contractual rights to establish and protect its rights in its technology. Despite REE's efforts to protect its proprietary rights, third parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use REE's intellectual property or seek court declarations that they do not infringe upon its intellectual property rights. Monitoring unauthorized use of REE's intellectual property is difficult and costly, and the steps REE has taken or will take will prevent misappropriation. From time to time, REE may have to resort to litigation to enforce its intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of its resources. The protection of REE's intellectual property rights is important to its future business opportunities. However, the measures REE takes to protect its intellectual property from unauthorized use by others may not be effective for various reasons, including the following: - as noted below, some of the patent applications REE files may not result in the issuance of patents at least in some of the applicable jurisdictions;- the scope of REE's patents that may subsequently be granted may not be broad enough to protect its proprietary rights;- patents are territorial and provide rights only in jurisdictions in which patents are granted;- REE's issued patents may be challenged or invalidated by third parties;- REE's employees or business partners may breach their confidentiality, non-disclosure and non-use obligations to REE;- third parties may independently develop technologies that are the same or similar to REE's;- the costs associated with enforcing patents, confidentiality and invention agreements or other intellectual property rights may make enforcement impracticable; and - current and future competitors may circumvent or otherwise design around REE's patents. Patent, trademark, and trade secret laws vary significantly throughout the world. For example, a number of countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Failure to adequately protect REE's intellectual property rights could result in its competitors offering similar products, potentially resulting in the loss of some of REE's competitive advantage and a decrease in its revenue which, would adversely affect its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Also, while REE has registered and applied for trademarks in an effort to protect its investment in its brand and goodwill with customers, competitors may challenge the validity of those trademarks and other brand names in which REE has invested. Such challenges can be expensive and may adversely affect REE's ability to maintain the goodwill gained in connection with a particular trademark.
Cyber Security2 | 2.4%
Cyber Security - Risk 1
Any unauthorized control or manipulation of the information technology systems in REE's products could result in loss of confidence in REE and its products and harm REE's business.
REE's products contain complex information technology systems. For example, REE's products are outfitted with built-in data connectivity to accept and install periodic remote updates from REE to improve or update the functionality of its products. REE has designed, implemented and tested security measures intended to prevent cybersecurity breaches or unauthorized access to its information technology networks, its products and their systems, and intends to implement additional security measures as necessary. However, hackers may attempt in the future, to gain unauthorized access to modify, alter and use such networks, products and systems to gain control of, or to change, REE's products' functionality, user interface and performance characteristics, or to gain access to data stored in or generated by the products. Vulnerabilities could be identified in the future and REE's remediation efforts may not be successful. Any unauthorized access to or control of REE's products or their systems or any loss of data could result in legal claims or proceedings. In addition, regardless of their veracity, reports of unauthorized access to REE's products, their systems or data, as well as other factors that may result in the perception that REE's products, their systems or data are capable of being "hacked," could negatively affect REE's brand and harm its business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Cyber Security - Risk 2
REE is subject to cybersecurity risks to its various systems and software and any material failure, weakness, interruption, cyber event, incident or breach of security could prevent REE from effectively operating its business, or may cause harm to its business that may or may not be reparable.
REE is at risk for interruptions, outages and breaches of its: (a) operational systems, including business, financial, accounting, product development, data processing or production processes, owned by REE or its suppliers and strategic partners; (b) facility security systems, owned by REE or its suppliers and strategic partners; (c) transmission control modules or other in-product technology, owned by REE or its suppliers and strategic partners; (d) the integrated software in REE's products; or (e) customer data that REE processes or its suppliers and strategic partners process on its behalf. Such incidents could: materially disrupt REE's operational systems; result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information; compromise certain information of employees, potential customers, suppliers and strategic partners, or others; jeopardize the security of REE's facilities; or affect the performance of in-product technology and the integrated software in REE's products. REE plans to include in-vehicle services and functionality that utilize data connectivity to monitor performance and timely capture opportunities to enhance on-the-road performance and for safety and cost-saving preventative maintenance. The availability and effectiveness of REE's services depend on the continued operation of information technology and communications systems. REE's systems will be vulnerable to damage or interruption from, among others, physical theft, fire, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, power loss, war, telecommunications failures, viruses, denial or degradation of service attacks, ransomware, social engineering schemes, insider theft or misuse or other attempts to harm REE's systems. REE intends to use its in-vehicle services and functionality to log information about each vehicle's use in order to aid REE in vehicle diagnostics and servicing. REE's potential customer base may object to the use of this data, which may increase REE's vehicle maintenance costs and harm its business prospects. Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding and updating REE's current systems, such as the disruption of REE's data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain and sales and service processes. These risks may affect REE's ability to manage its data and inventory, procure parts or supplies or assemble, deploy, deliver and service its products, adequately protect its intellectual property or achieve and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations and contracts. REE cannot be sure that these systems upon which it relies, including those of its suppliers and strategic partners, will be effectively implemented, maintained or expanded as planned. If REE does not successfully implement, maintain or expand these systems as planned, its operations may be disrupted, its ability to accurately and timely report its financial results could be impaired, and deficiencies may arise in its internal control over financial reporting, which may impact REE's ability to certify its financial results. Moreover, REE's proprietary information or intellectual property could be compromised or misappropriated and its reputation may be adversely affected. If these systems do not operate as REE expects them to, REE may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or find alternative sources for performing these functions.
Technology2 | 2.4%
Technology - Risk 1
REE may be subject to risks associated with autonomous driving and EV technology, including but not limited to technical malfunctions, regulatory obstacles, and/or product liability.
REE's products are being designed to be compatible with autonomous control. Autonomous driving technologies are subject to risks and there have been accidents and fatalities associated with such technologies. The safety of such technologies depends in part on users, as well as other drivers on the roadways, who may not be accustomed to using or adapting to such technologies. To the extent accidents associated with REE's products that are used with autonomous controls occur, REE could be subject to liability, negative publicity, government scrutiny and further regulation. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect REE's results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects. Autonomous driving technology is also subject to considerable regulatory uncertainty as the law evolves to catch up with the rapidly evolving nature of the technology itself, all of which are beyond REE's control. REE's products also may not achieve the requisite level of autonomous compatibility required for certification and rollout to consumers or satisfy changing regulatory requirements which could require REE to redesign, modify or update its products.
Technology - Risk 2
REE's products rely on software and hardware that is highly technical, and if these systems contain errors, bugs or vulnerabilities, or if REE is unsuccessful in addressing or mitigating technical limitations in its systems, REE's business could be adversely affected.
REE's products rely on software and hardware that is highly technical and complex that will require modification and updates over the life of the products. In addition, REE's products depend on the ability of such software and hardware to store, retrieve, process and manage large amounts of data. REE's software and hardware may contain, errors, bugs or vulnerabilities, and REE's systems are subject to certain technical limitations that may compromise REE's ability to meet its objectives. Some errors, bugs or vulnerabilities inherently may be difficult to detect and may only be discovered after the code has been released for external or internal use. Errors, bugs, vulnerabilities, design defects or technical limitations may be found within REE's software and hardware. Although REE attempts to remedy any issues it observes in its products as effectively and rapidly as possible, such efforts may not be timely, may hamper production or may not be to the satisfaction of REE's potential customer base. Additionally, if REE is able to deploy updates to the software addressing certain issues and REE's over-the-air update procedures fail to properly update the software, REE's customer base would then be responsible for installing such updates to the software and their software will be subject to these vulnerabilities until they do so. If REE is unable to prevent or effectively remedy errors, bugs, vulnerabilities or defects in its software and hardware, REE may suffer damage to its reputation, loss of customers, loss of revenue or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect REE's business and financial results.
Macro & Political
Total Risks: 5/82 (6%)Below Sector Average
Economy & Political Environment4 | 4.9%
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 1
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has, and is likely to continue to, generate uncertain geopolitical conditions, including sanctions that could adversely affect REE's business prospects and results of operations.
Russia and Ukraine are not REE markets, and there are no plans to launch in either market in the near future. Nevertheless, the uncertain geopolitical conditions, sanctions, and other potential impacts on the global economic environment resulting from Russia's invasion of Ukraine may impact customer behavior and disrupt the manufacturing, delivery and overall supply chain or our ability to commercialize REE's products, which could make it difficult for REE to forecast its financial results. The uncertainty surrounding these conditions and the current, and potentially expanded, scope of international sanctions against Russia may cause unanticipated changes in customers behavior and may impact operations of our suppliers. Sanctions have also created supply constraints and driven inflation that has impacted, and may continue to impact, REE's operations and could create or exacerbate risks facing REE's business. While REE understands that its products do not have any "Tier 1" suppliers from Russia, vehicle production is a complex process, with thousands of components sourced from all over the world. There can be no assurance, therefore, that there will not be some components sourced from suppliers subject to sanctions against Russia nor that the resulting disruption to the supply chain will not have an adverse impact on REE's business and results of operations. In the event geopolitical tensions deteriorate further or fail to abate, additional governmental sanctions may be enacted that could adversely impact the global economy, banking and monetary systems, markets, and the operations of REE and its suppliers.
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 2
Adverse global conditions, including macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty, may negatively impact our financial results.
Global conditions, dislocations in the financial markets, or inflation could adversely impact our business. In addition, the global macroeconomic environment has been and may continue to be negatively affected by, among other things, instability in global economic markets, increased trade tariffs and trade disputes, rising inflation, instability in the global credit markets, banks and financial institutions entering receivership or becoming insolvent, supply chain weaknesses, instability in the geopolitical environment and increasing tensions between China and Taiwan, uncertainty surrounding future elections and the outcome of proposed judicial reform in Israel, and other political tensions, and foreign governmental debt concerns. Such challenges have caused, and may continue to cause, uncertainty and instability in local economies and in global financial markets, which may adversely affect our business. For additional information, see "Item 3. Key Information – D. Risk Factors – Risks Related to REE's Incorporation and Location in Israel – Political, economic and military conditions in Israel could adversely affect REE's business; REE conducts certain operations in Israel. Conditions in Israel, including the recent attack by Hamas and other terrorist organizations from the Gaza Strip and Israel's war against them, may adversely affect its operations." In addition, REE may not be able to access a portion of its existing cash, cash equivalents and investments due to market conditions. For example, on March 10, 2023, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation took control and was appointed receiver of Silicon Valley Bank. If other banks and financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, REE's ability to access its existing cash, cash equivalents and investments may be threatened and could have a material adverse effect on its business and financial condition.
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 3
Added
REE conducts its operations in Israel. Conditions in Israel, including the recent attack by Hamas and other terrorist organizations from the Gaza Strip and Israel's war against them, may affect its operations.
REE's executive offices where most of our employees are employed, are located in Kibbutz Glil-Yam, Israel. In addition, the majority of REE's key employees, officers, and directors are Israeli citizens. Accordingly, political, economic, and military conditions in Israel may directly affect our business. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and groups in its neighboring countries, Hamas (an Islamist militia and political group that has controlled the Gaza Strip) and Hezbollah (an Islamist militia and political group based in Lebanon). These conflicts have involved missile strikes, hostile infiltrations and terrorism against civilian targets in various parts of Israel, which have negatively affected business conditions in Israel. On October 7, 2023, Hamas terrorists infiltrated Israel's southern border from the Gaza Strip and conducted a series of attacks on civilian and military targets. Hamas also launched extensive rocket attacks on Israeli population and industrial centers located along Israel's border with the Gaza Strip and in other areas within the State of Israel. Following the attack, Israel's security cabinet declared war against Hamas and the Israeli military began to call-up reservists for active duty. Moreover, the clash between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon may escalate in the future into a greater regional conflict. In the months since the initial attack by Hamas, clashes with Hezbollah on Israel's northern border with Lebanon and attacks on Israeli-controlled or owned ships in the Red Sea by members of the Houthi Movement in Yemen have taken place. It is possible that other terrorist organizations, including Palestinian military organizations in the West Bank, as well as other hostile countries, such as Iran, will join the hostilities and that such clashes may escalate in the future into a greater regional conflict. Any hostilities involving Israel, terrorist activities, political instability or violence in the region, or the interruption or curtailment of trade or transport between Israel and its trading partners could make it more difficult for REE to raise capital and may adversely affect REE's operations and results of operations and the market price of REE's Ordinary Shares. At this time, it is not possible to predict the intensity or duration of the war, nor can REE predict how this war will ultimately affect Israel's economy in general, which may involve additional credit rating agencies downgrading Israel's credit rating score after Moody's downgrading of Israel's credit rating from A1 to A2 and outlook rating from "stable" to "negative", and REE continues to monitor the situation closely and examine the potential disruptions that could adversely affect REE's operations. REE's commercial insurance does not cover losses that may occur as a result of an event associated with the security situation in the Middle East. Although the Israeli government is currently committed to covering the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, REE cannot assure you that this government coverage will be maintained or, if maintained, will be sufficient to compensate REE fully for damages incurred. Any losses or damages incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on REE's business, financial condition, and results of operations. Further, majority of the members of REE's management and employees are located and reside in Israel. Shelter-in-place and work-from-home measures, government-imposed restrictions on movement and travel and other precautions taken to address the ongoing conflict may temporarily disrupt REE's management and employees' ability to effectively perform their daily tasks. Further, many Israeli citizens are obligated to perform several days, and in some cases, more, of annual military reserve duty each year until they reach the age of 40 (or older for certain reservists) and, in the event of a military conflict, may be called to active duty. In response to the series of attacks on civilian and military targets in October 2023, there have been significant call-ups of military reservists. Although many such military reservists have been discharged, they may be called up again depending on how events unfold. As of March 24, 2024, 2 out of 244 total employees have been called to service. This number may change from time to time. It is currently not possible to predict the duration or severity of the ongoing conflict or its effects on our business, operations and financial condition. The ongoing conflict is rapidly evolving and developing, and could disrupt REE's business and operations, and adversely affect REE's ability to raise additional funds or sell our securities, among other impacts. Political instability in Israel, originating before October 2023, could also disrupt REE's operations. Having held five general elections between 2019 and 2022, government policy is subject to regular disruptive changes. The current government of Israel has pursued extensive changes to Israel's judicial system. In response to the foregoing developments, individuals, organizations and institutions, both within and outside of Israel, have voiced concerns that the proposed changes may negatively impact the business environment in Israel including reluctance of foreign investors to invest or transact business in Israel as well as increased currency fluctuations, downgrades in credit rating, increased interest rates, increased volatility in securities markets, and other changes in macroeconomic conditions within Israel. Currently, the proposed judicial reforms been put on hold due to the ongoing focus on the war, while the Supreme Court of Israel ruled that the judicial reform passed into legislation relating to reasonability is unconstitutional. If such changes to the judicial system resume and take effect, however, there may be an adverse effect on REE's business, results of operations and ability to raise additional funds.
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 4
Political, economic and military conditions in Israel could adversely affect REE's business.
REE is incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, and its principal research and development facilities, including REE's major data centers, are located in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel directly affect its business. Since the State of Israel was established in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have occurred between Israel and its neighboring countries, as well as terrorist acts committed within Israel by hostile elements. In recent years, Israel has been engaged in sporadic armed conflicts with Hamas, an Islamist terrorist group that controls the Gaza Strip, with Hezbollah, an Islamist terrorist group that controls large portions of southern Lebanon, and with Iranian-backed military forces in Syria. In addition, Iran has threatened to attack Israel and may be developing nuclear weapons. Some of these hostilities were accompanied by missiles being fired against civilian targets in various parts of Israel, including areas in which our employees, and some of our consultants are located, and negatively affected business conditions in Israel.. In the event that REE's facilities are damaged as a result of hostile action or hostilities otherwise disrupt the ongoing operation of its facilities, its ability to deliver products to its customer could be materially adversely affected. Any hostilities, armed conflicts, terrorist activities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners, or any political instability in the region could adversely affect business conditions and our results of operations and could make it more difficult for us to raise capital. In addition, the political and security situation in Israel may result in parties with whom we have agreements involving performance in Israel claiming that they are not obligated to perform their commitments under those agreements pursuant to force majeure provisions in such agreements. Continued hostilities between Israel and its neighbors and any future armed conflict, terrorist activity or political instability in the region could adversely affect our operations in Israel and adversely affect the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. An escalation of tensions or violence might result in a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations in Israel and our business. REE's commercial insurance does not cover losses that may occur as a result of events associated with war and terrorism. Although the Israeli government currently covers the reinstatement under the Property Tax and Compensation Fund Law, 1961, the reinstatement is limited and partial compensation value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, REE cannot assure you that this government coverage will be maintained or that it will sufficiently cover REE's potential damages. Any losses or damages incurred by REE could have a material adverse effect on its business. Several countries, principally in the Middle East, still restrict doing business with Israel and Israeli companies, and additional countries may impose restrictions on doing business with Israel and Israeli companies if hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region continues or increases. Any hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could adversely affect REE's operations and product development, and could cause its sales to decrease. In addition, many Israeli citizens are obligated to perform several days, and in some cases more, of annual military reserve duty each year until they reach the age of 40 (or older, for reservists who are military officers or who have certain occupations) and, in the event of a military conflict, may be called to active duty. In response to increases in terrorist activity, there have been periods of significant call-ups of military reservists. It is possible that there will be military reserve duty call-ups in the future. REE's operations could be disrupted by such call-ups, particularly if such call-ups include the call-up of members of REE's management. Such disruption could materially adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. Israel's most recent general elections were held on April 9, 2019, September 17, 2019, March 2, 2020, March 23, 2021 and November 1, 2022. In addition, proposed judicial reform has sparked widespread protests across Israel. Uncertainty surrounding future elections and the outcome of the judicial reform in Israel may continue and the political situation in Israel may further deteriorate. Actual or perceived political instability in Israel or any negative changes in the political environment, may individually or in the aggregate adversely affect the Israeli economy and, in turn, our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
International Operations1 | 1.2%
International Operations - Risk 1
REE's future sales and operations in international markets may expose it to operational, financial and regulatory risks, including but not limited to unfavorable regulatory, political, tax and labor conditions which could negatively impact the business.
REE faces risks associated with its international operations, including possible unfavorable regulatory, political, tax and labor conditions, which could harm its business. REE has operations or subsidiaries in Israel, the U.S., the UK, Germany, and Japan that are subject to the legal, political, regulatory and social requirements and economic conditions in these jurisdictions. Additionally, as part of its growth strategy, REE intends to expand its manufacturing partnerships, assembly facilities and sales activity internationally. However, such expansion would require REE to make significant expenditures, including the hiring of local employees and establishing facilities, in advance of generating any revenue. REE is subject to a number of risks associated with international business activities that may increase its costs, impact its ability to sell its products and require significant management attention. These risks include: - conforming REE's products to various international regulatory requirements where its products are sold, or homologation;- development and construction of its future Integration Center network;- maintenance and ability to produce REE's products in REE's UK Integration Center;- difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations;- difficulties securing customers in new jurisdictions;- foreign government taxes, regulations and permit requirements, including foreign taxes that REE may not be able to offset against taxes imposed upon it in Israel, and foreign tax and other laws limiting REE's ability to repatriate funds to Israel;- fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, including risks related to any interest rate swap or other hedging activities REE undertakes;- interruptions in shipments;- Israel and foreign government trade restrictions, tariffs and price or exchange controls;- foreign labor laws, regulations and restrictions; changes in diplomatic and trade relationships;- political instability, natural disasters, war or events of terrorism; and - the strength of international economies. If REE fails to successfully address these risks, its business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially harmed.
See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.
    The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.
      They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.
        It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
          How do companies disclose their risk factors?
          Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.
            Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.
              Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.
                According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
                  How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
                  Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.
                    You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.
                      Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.
                        A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
                          What are all the risk factor categories?
                          TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.
                          1. Financial & Corporate
                          • Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
                          • Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
                          • Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
                          • Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.
                          2. Legal & Regulatory
                          • Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
                          • Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
                          • Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
                          • Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.
                          3. Production
                          • Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
                          • Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
                          • Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
                          • Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.
                          4. Technology & Innovation
                          • Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
                          • Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
                          • Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
                          • Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.
                          5. Ability to Sell
                          • Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
                          • Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
                          • Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
                          • Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.
                          6. Macro & Political
                          • Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
                          • Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
                          • International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
                          • Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.
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