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Remark Holdings (MARK)
OTHER OTC:MARK
US Market
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Remark Holdings (MARK) Risk Factors

1,410 Followers
Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

Remark Holdings disclosed 29 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Remark Holdings reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q4, 2023

Risk Distribution
29Risks
45% Finance & Corporate
24% Tech & Innovation
14% Legal & Regulatory
7% Ability to Sell
7% Macro & Political
3% Production
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy
This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

2020
Q4
S&P500 Average
Sector Average
Risks removed
Risks added
Risks changed
Remark Holdings Risk Factors
New Risk (0)
Risk Changed (0)
Risk Removed (0)
No changes from previous report
The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q4, 2023

Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 13 Risks
Finance & Corporate
With 13 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
29
+2
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
29
+2
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
Recent Changes
5Risks added
2Risks removed
2Risks changed
Since Dec 2023
5Risks added
2Risks removed
2Risks changed
Since Dec 2023
Number of Risk Changed
2
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 3
2
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 3
See the risk highlights of Remark Holdings in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 29

Finance & Corporate
Total Risks: 13/29 (45%)Below Sector Average
Share Price & Shareholder Rights7 | 24.1%
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
Added
Because the SEC imposes additional sales practice requirements on brokers who deal in our shares that are penny stocks, some brokers may be unwilling to trade them, meaning that you may have difficulty in reselling your shares and that the price of the shares may decline.
Our stock is a penny stock. The SEC has adopted Rule 15g-9 which generally defines "penny stock" to be any equity security that has a market price (as defined) less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. Our securities are covered by the penny stock rules, which impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell to persons other than established customers and "accredited investors". The term "accredited investor" refers generally to institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000 or individuals with a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or annual income exceeding $200,000 or $300,000 jointly with their spouse. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document in a form prepared by the SEC which provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer's account. The bid and offer quotations and the broker-dealer and salesperson compensation information must be given to the customer orally or in writing prior to effecting the transaction and must be given to the customer in writing before or with the customer's confirmation. In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from these rules, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser's written agreement to the transaction. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in the secondary market for the stock that is subject to these penny stock rules. Consequently, these penny stock rules may affect the ability of broker-dealers to trade our securities. We believe that the penny stock rules discourage investor interest in, and limit the marketability of, our common stock. In addition to the "penny stock" rules promulgated by the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative, low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer's financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. The FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit your ability to buy and sell our stock.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
Added
While our shares are quoted on the OTCQX, we are required to remain current in our filings with the SEC for our shares of common stock to remain quoted on the OTCQX and not be moved to the OTC Pink Market.
While the common stock is quoted on the OTCQX, we will be required to remain current in our filings with the SEC in order for shares of the common stock to be eligible for quotation on the OTCQX. In the event that we become delinquent in our required filings with the SEC, quotation of the common stock on the OTCQX will be terminated following a 30 day grace period if we do not make our required filing during that time, and quotation of our shares of common stock will continue on the OTC Pink Sheets under the "Limited Information" tier. Given the reduced transparency of companies on the OTC Pink Sheets – Limited Information tier, trading for companies listed on this tier tends to be more attenuated and/or unpredictable. Therefore, if the common stock is not eligible for quotation on the OTCQX, investors in the common stock may find it difficult to sell their shares.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
Trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditors, and as a result, Nasdaq may determine to delist our securities.
The HFCA Act was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that a company has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit such shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the United States. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, which was signed into law on December 29, 2022, amended the HFCA Act to reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required to trigger the trading prohibition under the HFCA Act from three years to two years. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report on its determination that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and in Hong Kong because of positions taken by Chinese and Hong Kong authorities in those jurisdictions. On August 26, 2022, the CSRC, the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, and the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol, taking the first step toward opening access for the PCAOB to completely inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB vacated its 2021 determination that the positions taken by authorities in mainland China and Hong Kong prevented it from inspecting and investigating completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in those jurisdictions. In view of the PCAOB's decision to vacate its 2021 determination and until such time as the PCAOB issues any new adverse determination, the SEC has stated that there are no issuers at risk of having their securities subject to a trading prohibition under the HFCA Act. Each year, the PCAOB will reassess its determinations on whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in China, and if, in the future, the PCAOB determines it cannot do so, or if Chinese authorities do not allow the PCAOB complete access for inspections and investigations for two consecutive years, companies engaging China-based public accounting firms would be delisted pursuant to the HFCA Act. Our auditor, Weinberg & Company, an independent registered public accounting firm headquartered in the United States, is currently subject to PCAOB inspections and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis. However, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect the work papers of our accounting firm in the future, such lack of inspection could cause trading in our common stock to be prohibited under the HFCA Act, and as a result, an exchange may determine to delist our common stock. The delisting and the cessation of trading of our common stock, or the threat of our common stock being delisted and prohibited from being traded, may materially and adversely affect the value of our common stock. These recent developments may result in prohibitions on the trading of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market, if our auditors fail to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement in time.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
Our stock price has fluctuated considerably and is likely to remain volatile, and various factors could negatively affect the market price or market for our common stock.
The trading price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. From January 1, 2022, through April 12, 2024, the high and low sales prices for our common stock were $10.90 and $0.14, respectively. The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: - general market and economic conditions;- the low trading volume and limited public market for our common stock; and - minimal third-party research regarding Remark. In addition, the stock market in general, and the market prices for Internet-related companies in particular, have experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies. Such broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our stock, regardless of our operating performance.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
Holders of our warrants will have no rights as a common stockholder until they exercise their warrants and acquire our common stock.
We have warrants to purchase approximately one million shares of common stock outstanding as of April 12, 2024. Until a holder of our warrants acquires shares of our common stock upon exercise of such warrants, such holder will have no rights with respect to shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants. Upon exercise of warrants by, the holder shall become entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
A significant number of additional shares of our common stock may be issued under the terms of existing securities, which issuances would substantially dilute existing stockholders and may depress the market price of our common stock.
As of April 12, 2024, we had outstanding stock options allowing for the purchase of as many as approximately 1.6 million shares of common stock. Also outstanding were (i) an obligation to issue common stock related to the debentures we issued to Ionic Ventures, LLC ("Ionic") in March 2023 and April 2023 (the "Debentures") and related to draws we have made under a common stock purchase agreement with Ionic, (ii) shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of a warrant we issued to Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. in a private placement (the "Investor Warrant"), which is exercisable for as many as 423,729 shares of common stock, (iii) warrants to purchase as many as an aggregate of 12,712 shares of our common stock issued to A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners and its designees (the "Financial Advisor Warrants"), which are exercisable for as many as an aggregate of 12,712 shares of common stock, and (iv) warrants we issued pursuant to a settlement agreement that we entered into with China Branding Group Limited and its joint official liquidators, providing for the right to purchase 571,000 shares of common stock at a per share exercise price of $60.00 (the "CBG Settlement Warrants"). The Investor Warrant is immediately exercisable and will expire on October 31, 2027. However, we are prohibited from effecting an exercise of the Investor Warrant, and the holder thereof will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Investor Warrant, to the extent that, as a result of such exercise, the warrant holder would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of our common stock immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of issuable upon exercise of the Investor Warrant. The Financial Advisor Warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the five-year anniversary of the date of issuance. The CBG Settlement Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis only, such that they cannot be exercised for the entire amount of shares purchasable under such warrants, and they effectively cannot be exercised to purchase shares of common stock unless the applicable market value of the common stock exceeds the applicable exercise price under the terms thereof. The issuance of common stock pursuant to the warrants and the Debentures would substantially dilute the proportionate ownership and voting power of existing stockholders, and their issuance, or the possibility of their issuance, may depress the market price of our common stock.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of Remark more difficult, which acquisition may be beneficial to stockholders.
Provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, as well as provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), which may discourage, delay or prevent a merger with, acquisition of or other change in control of Remark, even if such a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders, include the following: - only our Board of Directors may call special meetings of our stockholders;- our stockholders may take action only at a meeting of our stockholders and not by written consent;- we have authorized, undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval. Additionally, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner. We have not opted out of the restriction under Section 203, as permitted under the DGCL.
Accounting & Financial Operations2 | 6.9%
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1
We have a history of operating losses and we may not generate sufficient revenue to support our operations.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, and in each fiscal year since our inception, we have incurred net losses and generated negative cash flow from operations, resulting in an accumulated deficit of $(417.7) million. We cannot provide assurance that revenue generated from our businesses will be sufficient to sustain our operations in the long term. We have implemented measures to reduce operating costs, and we continuously evaluate other opportunities to reduce costs further. Additionally, we are working with our advisors to evaluate strategic alternatives, including the potential sale of certain non-core assets, investment assets and operating businesses. We may also need to obtain additional capital through equity financing or debt financing. Should we fail to successfully implement our plans described herein, such failure would have a material adverse effect on our business, including the possible cessation of operations. Conditions in the debt and equity markets, as well as the volatility of investor sentiment regarding macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions (in particular, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chain disruptions, inflation and other cost increases, and the geopolitical conflict in Ukraine) will play primary roles in determining whether we can successfully obtain additional capital. We cannot be certain that we will be successful at raising capital, whether in an equity financing, debt financing, or by divesting of certain assets or businesses, on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, if we obtain capital by issuing equity, such transaction(s) may dilute existing stockholders.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2
Changed
Our independent registered public accounting firm's reports for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 have raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a "going concern."
Our independent registered public accounting firm indicated in its report on our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. A "going concern" opinion indicates that the financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if we do not continue as a going concern. Therefore, you should not rely on our consolidated balance sheet as an indication of the amount of proceeds that would be available to satisfy claims of creditors, and potentially be available for distribution to stockholders, in the event of liquidation. The presence of the going concern note to our financial statements may have an adverse impact on the relationships we are developing and plan to develop with third parties as we continue the commercialization of our products and could make it difficult for us to raise additional financing, all of which could have a material adverse impact on our business and prospects and result in a significant or complete loss of your investment.
Debt & Financing2 | 6.9%
Debt & Financing - Risk 1
Our outstanding senior secured loan agreements contain certain covenants that restrict our ability to engage in certain transactions and may impair our ability to respond to changing business and economic conditions.
On December 3, 2021, we entered into senior secured loan agreements (the "Original Mudrick Loan Agreements") with certain of our subsidiaries as guarantors (the "Guarantors") and certain institutional lenders affiliated with Mudrick Capital Management, LP (collectively, "Mudrick"), pursuant to which the Mudrick extended credit to us consisting of term loans in the principal amount of $30.0 million (the "Original Mudrick Loans"). On March 14, 2023, we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with Mudrick (the "New Mudrick Loan Agreement") pursuant to which all of the Original Mudrick Loans were cancelled in exchange for new notes payable to Mudrick (the "New Mudrick Notes"). The New Mudrick Notes require us to satisfy various covenants, including restrictions on our ability to engage in certain transactions without Mudrick's consent, and may limit our ability to respond to changing business and economic conditions. The restrictions include, among other things, limitations on our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to: - change its name or corporate form or jurisdiction of organization;- merge with another entity (other than an affiliate of Mudrick),consolidate, or sell or dispose of any material portion of our assets;- sell, lease, license, convey, assign (by operation of law or otherwise), exchange or otherwise voluntarily or involuntarily transfer or dispose of any interest in any of its assets (other than upon receipt of fair consideration for obsolete assets, trade-ins and disposition, sales or licenses in the ordinary course of business) or any portion thereof or encumber, or hypothecate, or create, incur or permit to exist any pledge, mortgage, lien, security interest, charge, encumbrance or adverse claim upon or other interest in or with respect to any of its assets (other than permitted liens); and - directly or indirectly enter into or permit to exist any transaction with any of our affiliates (other than a wholly-owned subsidiary).
Debt & Financing - Risk 2
We may not have sufficient cash to repay our outstanding senior secured indebtedness.
As of April 12, 2024, $16.3 million of aggregate principal remained outstanding under the New Mudrick Loans, which became due and payable in full on October 31, 2023. Our available cash and other liquid assets are currently not sufficient to pay such obligations in full. If we do not pay the New Mudrick Notes in full on the scheduled maturity date, Mudrick will have available to them all rights under the New Mudrick Loan Agreement and applicable law, which include, without limitation, foreclosing on the collateral securing the New Mudrick Notes, which consists of all our assets. Mudrick's exercise of any such rights could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Corporate Activity and Growth2 | 6.9%
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1
We continue to evolve our business strategy and develop new brands, products and services, and our future prospects are difficult to evaluate.
We are in varying stages of development with regard to our business, including our artificial intelligence business driven by our AI platform, so our prospects must be considered in light of the many risks, uncertainties, expenses, delays, and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in the early stages of development of business models and products. Some of such risks and difficulties include our ability to, among other things: - manage and implement new business strategies;- successfully commercialize and monetize our assets;- continue to raise additional working capital;- manage operating expenses;- establish and take advantage of strategic relationships;- successfully avoid diversion of management's attention or of other resources from our existing business - successfully avoid impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets such as trademarks or other intellectual property arising from acquisitions;- prevent, or successfully temper, adverse market reaction to acquisitions;- manage and adapt to rapidly changing and expanding operations;- respond effectively to competitive developments; and - attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel. Because of the early stage of development of certain of our business operations, we cannot be certain that our business strategy will be successful or that it will successfully address the risks described or alluded to above. Any failure by us to successfully implement our new business plans could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Furthermore, growth into new areas may require changes to our cost structure, modifications to our infrastructure and exposure to new regulatory, legal and competitive risks. If we fail to manage our growth, we may need to improve our operational, financial and management systems and processes which may require significant capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources. As we continue to grow, we must effectively integrate, develop and motivate new employees, including employees in international markets, while maintaining the beneficial aspects of our company culture. If we do not manage the growth of our business and operations effectively, the quality of our platform and efficiency of our operations could suffer, which could harm our brand, results of operations and business. We cannot assure you that these investments will be successful or that such endeavors will result in the realization of the full benefits of synergies, cost savings, innovation and operational efficiencies that may be possible or that we will achieve these benefits within a reasonable period of time.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 2
If we do not effectively manage our growth, our operating performance will suffer and our financial condition could be adversely affected.
Substantial future growth will be required for us to realize our business objectives. To the extent we are capable of achieving this growth, it will place significant demands on our managerial, operational and financial resources. Additionally, this growth will require us to make significant capital expenditures, hire, train and manage a larger work force, and allocate valuable management resources. We must manage any such growth through appropriate systems and controls in each of these areas. If we do not manage the growth of our business effectively, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, as our business grows, our technological and network infrastructure must keep in-line with our needs. Future demand is difficult to forecast and we may not be able to adequately handle large increases unless we spend substantial amounts to augment our ability to handle increased traffic. Additionally, the implementation of increased network capacity contains some execution risks and may lead to ineffectiveness or inefficiency. This could lead to a diminished experience for our consumers and advertisers and damage our reputation and relationship with them, leading to lower marketability and negative effects on our operating results. Moreover, the pace of innovative change in network technology is fast and if we do not keep up, we may lag behind competitors. The costs of upgrading and improving technology could be substantial and negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Tech & Innovation
Total Risks: 7/29 (24%)Above Sector Average
Trade Secrets2 | 6.9%
Trade Secrets - Risk 1
Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties, and the expenses incurred in protecting our intellectual property rights, may adversely affect our business.
We regard our copyrights, service marks, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property as critical to our success. Unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties may adversely affect our business and reputation. We rely on trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers, business partners and others to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our precautions, it is possible for third parties to obtain and use our intellectual property without authorization. Furthermore, the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property in Internet related industries are uncertain and still evolving. In particular, the laws of the People's Republic of China are uncertain or do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Moreover, litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Future litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.
Trade Secrets - Risk 2
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may force us to incur substantial legal expenses and, if determined adversely against us, materially disrupt our business.
We cannot be certain that our brands and services will not infringe valid patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We cannot provide assurance that we will avoid the need to defend against allegations of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, regardless of their merit. Intellectual property litigation is very expensive, and becoming involved in such litigation could consume a substantial portion of our managerial and financial resources, regardless of whether we win. Substantially greater resources may allow some of our competitors to sustain the cost of complex intellectual property litigation more effectively than us; we may not be able to afford the cost of such litigation. Should we suffer an adverse outcome from intellectual property litigation, we may incur significant liabilities, we may be required to license disputed rights from third parties, or we may have to cease using the subject technology. If we are found to infringe upon third-party intellectual property rights, we cannot provide assurance that we would be able to obtain licenses to such intellectual property on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, or that we could develop or obtain alternative technology. If we fail to obtain such licenses at a reasonable cost, such failure may materially disrupt the conduct of our business, and could consume substantial resources and create significant uncertainties. Any legal action against us or our collaborators could lead to: - payment of actual damages, royalties, lost profits, potentially treble damages and attorneys' fees if we are found to have willfully infringed a third party's patent rights;- injunctive or other equitable relief that may effectively block our ability to further develop, commercialize and sell our products;- us or our collaborators having to enter into license arrangements that may not be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all; or - significant cost and expense, as well as distraction of our management from our business. The negative outcomes discussed above could adversely affect our ability to conduct business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Cyber Security1 | 3.4%
Cyber Security - Risk 1
Our continuous access to publicly-available data and to data from partners may be restricted, disrupted or terminated, which would restrict our ability to develop new products and services, or to improve existing products and services, which are based upon our AI platform.
The success of our AI-based solutions depends substantially on our ability to continuously ingest and process large amounts of data available in the public domain and provided by our partners, and any interruption to our free access to such publicly-available data or to the data we obtain from our partners will restrict our ability to develop new products and services, or to improve existing products and services. While we have not encountered any significant disruption of such access to date, there is no guarantee that this trend will continue without costs. Public data sources may change their policies to restrict access or implement procedures to make it more difficult or costly for us to maintain access, and partners could decide to terminate our existing agreements with them. If we no longer have free access to public data, or access to data from our partners, our ability to maintain or improve existing products, or to develop new AI-based solutions may be severely limited. Furthermore, we may be forced to pay significant fees to public data sources or to partners to maintain access, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Technology4 | 13.8%
Technology - Risk 1
Our AI software and our application software are highly technical and run on very sophisticated third-party hardware platforms. If such software or hardware contains undetected errors, our AI solutions may not perform properly and our business could be adversely affected.
Our AI-based solutions and internal systems rely on software, including software developed or maintained internally or by third parties, that is highly technical and complex. In addition, our AI-based solutions and internal systems depend on the ability of such software to store, retrieve, process, and manage immense amounts of data. The software on which we rely has contained, and may now or in the future contain, undetected errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities. Some errors may only be discovered after the AI-based solution or application software has been released for external or internal use. Errors or other design defects within the software on which we rely may result in a negative experience for our customers, delay product introductions or enhancements, result in measurement or billing errors, or compromise our ability to protect our customers' data or our intellectual property. Any errors, bugs, or defects discovered in the software on which we rely could result in damage to our reputation, loss of users, loss of revenue, or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our business and financial results.
Technology - Risk 2
The successful operation of our AI platform will depend upon the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure in China.
The successful operation of KanKan will depend on the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure in China. Almost all access to the Internet is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China. In addition, the national networks in China are connected to the Internet through state-owned international gateways, which are the only channels through which a domestic user can connect to the Internet outside of China. We may not have access to alternative networks in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China's Internet infrastructure. In addition, the Internet infrastructure in China may not support the demands associated with continued growth in Internet usage. The failure of telecommunications network operators to provide us with the requisite bandwidth could also interfere with the speed and availability of KanKan. We have no control over the costs of the services provided by the national telecommunications operators. If the prices that we pay for telecommunications and Internet services rise significantly, our gross margins could be adversely affected. In addition, if Internet access fees or other charges to Internet users increase, our user traffic may decrease, which in turn may cause a decrease in our revenues.
Technology - Risk 3
Added
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures.
Our computer systems are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our business. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of personal, confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and our business could be adversely affected.
Technology - Risk 4
Added
We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and our systems and infrastructure face certain risks, including cybersecurity and data leakage risks.
Significant disruptions to our information technology systems or breaches of information security could adversely affect our business. The size and complexity of our AI-based solutions and information technology systems, and those of our third-party vendors with whom we contract, make such systems potentially vulnerable to service interruptions and security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, partners or vendors, from attacks by malicious third parties, or from intentional or accidental physical damage to our systems infrastructure maintained by us or by third parties. A breach of our security measures or the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure, unapproved dissemination, misappropriation or misuse of proprietary information, or other confidential information, whether as a result of theft, hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, or for any other reason, could adversely affect our business or financial condition. Further, any such interruption, security breach, loss or disclosure of confidential information, could result in financial, legal, business, and reputational harm to us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
Legal & Regulatory
Total Risks: 4/29 (14%)Below Sector Average
Regulation1 | 3.4%
Regulation - Risk 1
Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could adversely affect us.
The Chinese legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under the civil law system may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the Chinese legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and the enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties. In 1979, the Chinese government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past three decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. Since Chinese administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and contractual terms, it may be difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy. These uncertainties may affect our judgment on the relevance of legal requirements and our ability to enforce our contractual rights or tort claims. In addition, the regulatory uncertainties may be exploited through unmerited or frivolous legal actions or threats in attempts to extract payments or benefits from us. Furthermore, the Chinese legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. In addition, any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. In addition, we are subject to risks and uncertainties of the interpretations and applications of Chinese laws and regulations, and any such interpretations and applications could lead to future actions of the Chinese government that are detrimental to us and/or our China-based subsidiaries, which would likely result in material adverse changes in our operations and cause the value of our common stock to potentially depreciate significantly or become worthless.
Taxation & Government Incentives1 | 3.4%
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1
Our contractual arrangements with the former VIEs may be subject to scrutiny by China's tax authorities. Any adjustment of related party transaction pricing could lead to additional taxes, and therefore substantially reduce our consolidated net income and the value of your investment.
The tax regime in China is rapidly evolving and there is significant uncertainty for Chinese taxpayers as Chinese tax laws may be interpreted in significantly different ways. China's tax authorities may assert that we or the former VIEs or their shareholders are required to pay additional taxes on previous or future revenue or income. In particular, under applicable Chinese laws, rules and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties, such as the contractual arrangements with the former VIEs, may be subject to audit or challenge by China's tax authorities. If China's tax authorities determine that any contractual arrangements were not entered into on an arm's length basis and therefore constitute a favorable transfer pricing, the China tax liabilities of the relevant subsidiaries, the former VIEs or the shareholders of the former VIEs could be increased, which could increase our overall tax liabilities. In addition, China's tax authorities may impose interest on late payments. Our net income may be materially reduced if our tax liabilities increase. It is uncertain whether any new China laws, rules or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what they would provide. If we or any of the former VIEs are found to be in violation of any existing or future China laws, rules or regulations, or if we fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant China regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with these violations or failures, including revoking the business and operating licenses of the former VIEs, requiring us to discontinue or restrict our operations, restricting our right to collect revenue, blocking one or more of our websites, requiring us to restructure our operations or taking other regulatory or enforcement actions against us. The imposition of any of these measures could result in a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct all or any portion of our business operations. In addition, it is unclear what impact Chinese government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of any of the former VIEs in our consolidated financial statements, if Chinese governmental authorities were to find our former corporate structure and historical contractual arrangements to be in violation of Chinese laws, rules and regulations. If the imposition of any governmental actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of any of the former VIEs or otherwise separate from any of these entities, and if we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of the former VIEs in our consolidated financial statements. Any of these events would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Environmental / Social2 | 6.9%
Environmental / Social - Risk 1
Changed
We may be liable for improper colleciton, storage, use, transfer or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and any failure to comply with Chinese laws and regulations over data security could result in materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations and the value of our common stock.
Our business involves collecting and retaining certain internal and external data and information including that of our customers and suppliers. The integrity and protection of such information and data are crucial to us and our business. Owners of such data and information expect that we will adequately protect their personal information. We are required by applicable laws to keep strictly confidential the personal information that we collect, and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information. The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment 7 (effective on February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), prohibits institutions, companies and their employees from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen's personal information obtained in performing duties or providing services or obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People's Congress issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC (the "Cyber Security Law"), which became effective on June 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, network operators must not, without users' consent, collect their personal information, and may only collect users' personal information necessary to provide their services. Providers are also obliged to provide security maintenance for their products and services and shall comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal information as stipulated under the relevant laws and regulations. The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National People's Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides legal basis for privacy and personal information infringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. Chinese regulators, including the CAC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Public Security, have been increasingly focused on regulation in data security and data protection. On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress of China issued the final version of the Personal Information Protection Law (the "PIPL"), which became effective on November 1, 2021. The PIPL imposes on China-based data processers (such as our China-based subsidiaries) significant obligations with respect to, among other things, obtaining, processing and cross-border transferring personal information. The PIPL may subject a data processor to a penalty of as much as RMB50 million or 5% of the preceding year's turnover. The Chinese regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in China, including the CAC, the Ministry of Public Security and the State Administration for Market Regulation, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations. In November 2021, the CAC and other related authorities released the amended Cybersecurity Review Measures which became effective on February 15, 2022. Under the amended Cybersecurity Review Measures: - companies who are engaged in data processing are also subject to the regulatory scope;- the CSRC is included as one of the regulatory authorities for purposes of jointly establishing the state cybersecurity review working mechanism;- the operators (including both operators of critical information infrastructure and relevant parties who are engaged in data processing) holding more than one million users/users' (which are to be further specified) individual information and seeking a listing outside China shall file for cybersecurity review with the Cybersecurity Review Office; and - the risks of core data, material data or large amounts of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, damaged, illegally used or transmitted to overseas parties and the risks of critical information infrastructure, core data, material data or large amounts of personal information being influenced, controlled or used maliciously shall be collectively taken into consideration during the cybersecurity review process. As a result of the promulgation of the amended Cybersecurity Review Measures, we may become subject to enhanced cybersecurity review. Certain internet platforms in China have been reportedly subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny in relation to cybersecurity matters. As of the date of this Form 10-K, we have neither been subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny with respect to cybersecurity matters nor been informed by any Chinese governmental authority of any requirement that we file for a cybersecurity review. However, if we are deemed to be a critical information infrastructure operator or a company that is engaged in data processing and holds personal information of more than one million users, we could be subject to Chinese cybersecurity review. As there remains significant uncertainty in the interpretation and enforcement of relevant Chinese cybersecurity laws and regulations, we could be subject to cybersecurity review, and if so, we may not be able to pass such review. In addition, we could become subject to enhanced cybersecurity review or investigations launched by Chinese regulators in the future. Any failure or delay in the completion of the cybersecurity review procedures or any other non-compliance with the related laws and regulations may result in fines or other penalties, including suspension of business, website closure, removal of our app from the relevant app stores, and revocation of prerequisite licenses, as well as reputational damage or legal proceedings or actions against us, which may have material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. As of the date of this Form 10-K, we have neither been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by the CAC or any other Chinese regulatory authority nor have we received any inquiry, notice or sanction in such respect. We believe that we are in compliance with the aforementioned regulations and policies that have been issued by the CAC. On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China (the "SCNPC") promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which took effect on September 1, 2021. The PRC Data Security Law imposes data security and privacy obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data activities, and introduces a data classification and hierarchical protection system based on the importance of data in economic and social development, and the degree of harm it will cause to national security, public interests, or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations when such data is tampered with, destroyed, leaked, illegally acquired or used. The PRC Data Security Law also provides for a national security review procedure for data activities that may affect national security and imposes export restrictions on certain data an information. As of the date of this Form 10-K, we do not expect that the current Chinese laws on cybersecurity or data security or the PIPL would have a material adverse impact on our business operations. However, as uncertainties remain regarding the interpretation and implementation of these laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that we will comply with such regulations in all respects and we may be ordered to rectify or terminate any actions that are deemed illegal by regulatory authorities. We may also become subject to fines and/or other sanctions which may have material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.
Environmental / Social - Risk 2
Laws and regulations concerning data privacy are continually evolving. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could harm our business.
Our business involves collecting and retaining certain internal and external data and information including that of our customers and suppliers and third parties. The integrity and protection of such information and data are crucial to us and our business. Owners of such data and information expect that we will adequately protect their personal information. We are required by applicable privacy and data protection laws in the U.S. and internationally to keep strictly confidential the personal information that we collect, and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information. Our failure to comply with existing privacy or data protection laws and regulations could increase our costs, force us to change or limit the features of our AI solutions or result in proceedings or litigation against us by governmental authorities or others, any or all of which could result in significant fines or judgments against us, result in damage to our reputation, and result in negative effects on our financial condition and results of operations. Even if concerns raised by regulators, the media, or consumers about our privacy and data protection or consumer protection practices are unfounded, we could suffer damage to our reputation that causes significant negative effects on our financial condition and results of operations. Privacy and data protection laws are rapidly changing and likely will continue to do so for the foreseeable future, which could have an impact on how we develop and customize our AI products and software. The growth and development of AI may prompt calls for more stringent consumer privacy protection laws that may impose additional burdens on companies such as ours. Any such changes would require us to devote legal and other resources to address such regulation. For example, in the U.S., the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA") became effective on January 1, 2020 and applies to processing of personal information of California residents. Other states, including Nevada, have enacted or are considering similar privacy or data protection laws that may apply to us. The U.S. government, including the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Commerce, also continue to review the need for greater or different regulation over the collection of personal information and information about consumer behavior on the Internet and on mobile devices, and the U.S. Congress is considering a number of legislative proposals to regulate in this area. Various government and consumer agencies worldwide have also called for new regulation and changes in industry practices. For example, the GDPR became effective on May 25, 2018. GDPR would apply to us should we expand our AI business into member countries of the EU. Violations of the GDPR may result in significant penalties, and countries in the EU are still enacting national laws that correspond to certain portions of the GDPR.
Ability to Sell
Total Risks: 2/29 (7%)Below Sector Average
Competition1 | 3.4%
Competition - Risk 1
We face intense competition from larger, more established companies, and we may not be able to compete effectively, which could reduce demand for our services.
The market for the services we offer is increasingly and intensely competitive. Nearly all our competitors have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition and significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. Our competitors may secure more favorable revenue arrangements with advertisers, devote greater resources to marketing and promotional campaigns, adopt more aggressive growth strategies and devote substantially more resources to website and systems development than we do. In addition, the Internet media and advertising industries continue to experience consolidation, including the acquisitions of companies offering travel and finance-related content and services and paid search services. Industry consolidation has resulted in larger, more established and well-financed competitors with a greater focus. If these industry trends continue, or if we are unable to compete in the Internet media and paid search markets, our financial results may suffer. Additionally, larger companies may implement policies and/or technologies into their search engines or software that make it less likely that consumers can reach our websites and less likely that consumers will click-through on sponsored listings from our advertisers. The implementation of such technologies could result in a decrease in our revenues. If we are unable to successfully compete against current and future competitors, our operating results will be adversely affected.
Demand1 | 3.4%
Demand - Risk 1
Added
We are dependent on a small number of customers for a large percentage of our revenue.
We have a concentration in the volume of business we transacted with customers, as during the year ended December 31, 2023, two of our customers represented 35% and 30%, respectively, of our revenue, while during the year ended December 31, 2022, two of our customers represented about 46%, and 20%, respectively, of our revenue. At December 31, 2023, net accounts receivable from three of our customers represented about 37%, 34%, and 12%, respectively, of total net accounts receivable, while at December 31, 2022, net accounts receivable from one of our customers represented about 36% of the total. The loss of any of these large customers would have a material adverse impact on our financial results.
Macro & Political
Total Risks: 2/29 (7%)Below Sector Average
Economy & Political Environment1 | 3.4%
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 1
Changes in China's economic, political, social or geopolitical conditions or in U.S.-China relations, as well as possible interventions and influences of any government policies and actions, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations and the value of our common stock.
A significant portion of our operations are conducted through our China-based subsidiaries. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by political, economic, social conditions and government policies in China generally. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China's economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the Chinese government or in the laws and regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely affect our business and operating results, lead to reduction in demand for our services and adversely affect our competitive position. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe and negative impact on the Chinese and global economy. In particular, the preventative measures in China as a result of the Chinese government's "Zero-COVID" policy have significantly limited the operational capabilities of our China-based subsidiaries, caused a material adverse impact on our business and, though the preventative measures have been eased somewhat, may continue to have an adverse impact on our operations in China. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may have a negative effect on us. In addition, in the past the Chinese government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustment, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which may adversely affect our business and operating results. Furthermore, we and our investors may face uncertainty about future actions by the government of China that could significantly affect the financial performance and operations of our China-based subsidiaries. Chinese laws and regulations, including the enforcement of such laws and regulations, can change quickly with little advance notice. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time and may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities. As of the date of this Form 10-K, neither Remark nor any of its subsidiaries has received or was denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges or conduct U.S. securities offerings. However, there is no guarantee that we will receive or not be denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges or conduct U.S. securities offerings in the future. China's economic, political and social conditions, as well as interventions and influences of any government policies, laws and regulations are uncertain and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Natural and Human Disruptions1 | 3.4%
Natural and Human Disruptions - Risk 1
The continuing impacts of COVID-19 are highly unpredictable and could be significant, and may have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.
The global outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted our business and could continue to have a significant impact on our business. The impact of COVID-19 on our business and future financial results could include, but may not be limited to: - lack of revenue growth or decreases in revenue due to a lack of, or at least a decline in, customer demand and (or) deterioration in the credit quality of our customers;- a significant increase in our need for external financing to maintain operations as a result of decreased revenue;- significant decline in the debt and equity markets, thus impacting our ability to conduct financings on terms acceptable to us; and - the rapid and broad-based shift to a remote working environment creates inherent productivity, connectivity, and oversight challenges. Preventative measures implemented by governmental authorities in China, such as travel restrictions, shelter-in-place orders and business closures, could significantly impact the ability of our employees and vendors to work productively. In addition, the changed environment under which we are operating could have an impact on our internal controls over financial reporting as well as our ability to meet a number of our compliance requirements in a timely or quality manner. The extent of any ongoing impact of the pandemic on our business and financial results will depend largely on future developments, including the duration and severity of any outbreaks related to new variants of COVID-19, the length of the travel restrictions and business closures imposed by domestic and foreign governments, all of which can be highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. Though improving somewhat, the situation continues to evolve and additional impacts may arise that we are not aware of currently.
Production
Total Risks: 1/29 (3%)Below Sector Average
Supply Chain1 | 3.4%
Supply Chain - Risk 1
We have historically relied on contractual arrangements with the VIEs and their shareholders for a significant portion of our business operations. If the Chinese government determines that such contractual arrangements did not comply with Chinese regulations, or if these regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to penalties, and our common stock may decline in value or even become worthless.
Prior to the termination of our contractual arrangements with the VIEs, we relied on such contractual arrangements with the former VIEs to operate our business in China. The revenues contributed by the former VIEs constituted a majority of our total revenues for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. In recent years, the Chinese government adopted a series of regulatory actions and issued statements to regulate business operations in China, including those related to variable interest entities. These recent statements indicate an intent by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. The Interim Measures regarding Overseas Securities Offering and Listing of Domestic Companies, which became effective as of March 31, 2023, could potentially require us to obtain CSRC approval before making securities offerings in the US if CSRC determines that our primary business operations are based in China. Such new regulations could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of our common stock to significantly depreciate or become worthless. In addition, although we believe that our historical contractual arrangements with the former VIEs complied with applicable Chinese laws and regulations, the Chinese government may determine at any time that such contractual arrangements with the former VIEs did not apply with Chinese regulations, or such regulations may change or be interpreted differently in the future. If the Chinese government determines that our contractual arrangements with the former VIEs did not comply with Chinese regulations or if these regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we may be subject to penalties imposed by the Chinese government, and our common stock may decline in value or become worthless.
See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.
    The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.
      They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.
        It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
          How do companies disclose their risk factors?
          Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.
            Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.
              Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.
                According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
                  How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
                  Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.
                    You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.
                      Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.
                        A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
                          What are all the risk factor categories?
                          TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.
                          1. Financial & Corporate
                          • Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
                          • Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
                          • Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
                          • Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.
                          2. Legal & Regulatory
                          • Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
                          • Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
                          • Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
                          • Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.
                          3. Production
                          • Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
                          • Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
                          • Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
                          • Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.
                          4. Technology & Innovation
                          • Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
                          • Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
                          • Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
                          • Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.
                          5. Ability to Sell
                          • Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
                          • Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
                          • Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
                          • Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.
                          6. Macro & Political
                          • Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
                          • Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
                          • International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
                          • Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.
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