Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

Greystone Logistics disclosed 23 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Greystone Logistics reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q2, 2024

Risk Distribution

39% Finance & Corporate

17% Legal & Regulatory

17% Production

17% Ability to Sell

9% Tech & Innovation

0% Macro & Political

Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy

This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

S&P500 Average

Sector Average

Risks removed

Risks added

Risks changed

Greystone Logistics Risk Factors

New Risk (0)

Risk Changed (0)

Risk Removed (0)

No changes from previous report

The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q2, 2024

Main Risk Category

Finance & Corporate

With 9 Risks

Finance & Corporate

With 9 Risks

Number of Disclosed Risks

S&P 500 Average: 31

Recent Changes

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since May 2024

0Risks added

0Risks removed

0Risks changed

Since May 2024

Number of Risk Changed

S&P 500 Average: 3

See the risk highlights of Greystone Logistics in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 23

Finance & Corporate

Total Risks: 9/23 (39%)Above Sector Average

Share Price & Shareholder Rights6 | 26.1%

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1

Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market.

From time to time, certain of our stockholders may be eligible to sell all or some of their shares of common stock by means of ordinary brokerage transactions in the open market pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, subject to certain limitations. In general, pursuant to Rule 144, non-affiliate stockholders may sell freely after six months, subject only to the current public information requirement. Affiliates may sell after six months, subject to the Rule 144 volume, manner of sale (for equity securities), current public information, and notice requirements. Of the approximately 28,000,000 shares of our common stock outstanding as of May 31, 2024, approximately 15,000,000 shares are tradable without restriction. Given the limited trading of our common stock, resale of even a small number of shares of our common stock pursuant to Rule 144 or an effective registration statement may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2

Greystone's stock trades in a limited public market and is subject to price volatility. There can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop or be sustained.

There has been a limited public trading market for Greystone's common stock and there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop or be sustained. The trading price of Greystone's common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations in response to variations in quarterly operating results or even mild expressions of interest on a given day. Accordingly, Greystone's common stock should be expected to experience substantial price changes in short periods of time. Even if Greystone is performing according to its plan and there is no legitimate company-specific financial basis for this volatility, it must still be expected that substantial percentage price swings will occur in Greystone's common stock for the foreseeable future. In addition, the limited market for Greystone's common stock may restrict Greystone's shareholders ability to liquidate their shares.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3

Substantial future sales of shares of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

The market price of shares of our common stock could decline as a result of substantial sales of our common stock, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, a large number of shares of our common stock becoming available for sale or the perception in the market that holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4

Our common stock is a "penny stock" under SEC rules. It may be more difficult to sell securities classified as "penny stock."

Our common stock is a "penny stock" under applicable SEC rules (generally defined as non-exchange traded stock with a per-share price below $5.00). Unless we successfully list our common stock on a national securities exchange, or maintain a per-share price above $5.00, these rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers that recommend the purchase or sale of penny stocks to persons other than those who qualify as "established customers" or "accredited investors." For example, broker-dealers must determine the appropriateness for non-qualifying persons of investments in penny stocks. Broker-dealers must also provide, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, disclose the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, furnish monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer's account, provide a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser, and receive the purchaser's written agreement to the transaction. Legal remedies available to an investor in "penny stocks" may include the following: - If a "penny stock" is sold to the investor in violation of the requirements listed above, or other federal or states securities laws, the investor may be able to cancel the purchase and receive a refund of the investment. - If a "penny stock" is sold to the investor in a fraudulent manner, the investor may be able to sue the persons and firms that committed the fraud for damages. These requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity, if any, in the secondary market for a security that becomes subject to the penny stock rules. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our securities, which could severely limit the market price and liquidity of our securities. These requirements may restrict the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock and may affect your ability to sell our common stock. Many brokerage firms will discourage or refrain from recommending investments in penny stocks. Most institutional investors will not invest in penny stocks. In addition, many individual investors will not invest in penny stocks due, among other reasons, to the increased financial risk generally associated with these investments. For these reasons, penny stocks may have a limited market and, consequently, limited liquidity. We can give no assurance at what time, if ever, our common stock will not be classified as a "penny stock" in the future.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5

Greystone's executive officers and directors control a large percentage of Greystone's outstanding common stock and all of Greystone's 2003 preferred stock, which entitles them to certain voting rights, including the right to elect a majority of Greystone's Board of Directors.

Greystone's executive officers and directors (and their affiliates), in the aggregate, own approximately 44.7% of Greystone's outstanding common stock and have approximately 49.6% of the voting power. Therefore, Greystone's executive officers and directors can have significant influence with respect to the outcome of matters submitted to Greystone's shareholders for approval (including the election and removal of directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of Greystone's assets) and to control Greystone's management and affairs. In addition, two of Greystone's directors (including one who also serves as Greystone's chief executive officer) own all of Greystone's outstanding 2003 preferred stock, with each owning 50%. The terms and conditions of Greystone's 2003 preferred stock provide that such holder has the right to elect a majority of Greystone's Board of Directors. Such concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination or discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control, which in turn could have an adverse effect on the market price of Greystone's common stock.

Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6

Greystone may issue additional equity securities, which would lead to further dilution of Greystone's issued and outstanding stock.

The issuance of additional common stock or securities convertible into common stock would result in further dilution of the ownership interest in Greystone held by existing shareholders. Greystone is authorized to issue, without shareholder approval, an additional 20,700,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share, in one or more series, which may give other shareholders dividend, conversion, voting and liquidation rights, among other rights, which may be superior to the rights of holders of Greystone's common stock. In addition, Greystone is authorized to issue, without shareholder approval, over 4.9 billion additional shares of its common stock and securities convertible into common stock.

Accounting & Financial Operations3 | 13.0%

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1

Greystone does not expect to declare or pay any dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future.

Greystone has not declared or paid any dividends on its common stock. Greystone currently intends to retain future earnings to fund the development and growth of its business, to repay indebtedness and for general corporate purposes, and, therefore, does not anticipate paying any cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of certain loan documentation with International Bank of Commerce and the terms and conditions of Greystone's 2003 preferred stock, Greystone is restricted in its ability to pay dividends to holders of its common stock.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2

If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, the price of our securities may be adversely affected.

Our internal control over financial reporting may have weaknesses and conditions that could require correction or remediation, the disclosure of which may have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock. We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting. Failure to establish those controls, or any failure of those controls once established, could adversely affect our public disclosures regarding our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, management's assessment of internal control over financial reporting may identify weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal control over financial reporting or other matters that may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal control over financial reporting or disclosure of management's assessment of our internal control over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 3

As a result of being a public company, we are subject to additional reporting and corporate governance requirements that require additional management time, resources, and expense.

As a public company we are obligated to file with the SEC annual and quarterly information and other reports that are specified in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). We are also subject to other reporting and corporate governance requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, all of which impose significant compliance and reporting obligations upon us and require us to incur additional expense in order to fulfill such obligations.

Legal & Regulatory

Total Risks: 4/23 (17%)Below Sector Average

Regulation1 | 4.3%

Regulation - Risk 1

We are required to comply with certain provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and if we fail to continue to comply, our business could be harmed and the price of our securities could decline.

Rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act require an annual assessment of internal control over financial reporting, and for certain issuers an attestation of this assessment by the issuer's independent registered public accounting firm. The standards that must be met for management to assess the internal control over financial reporting as effective are evolving and complex, and require significant documentation, testing, and possible remediation to meet the detailed standards. We expect to incur significant expenses and to devote resources to Section 404 compliance on an ongoing basis. It is difficult for us to predict how long it will take or costly it will be to complete the assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for each year and to remediate any deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. As a result, we may not be able to complete the assessment and remediation process on a timely basis. In the event that our Chief Executive Officer or Principal Financial Officer determines that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective as defined under Section 404, we cannot predict how regulators will react or how the market prices of our securities will be affected; however, we believe that there is a risk that investor confidence and the market value of our securities may be negatively affected.

Litigation & Legal Liabilities2 | 8.7%

Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 1

We could become involved in claims or litigations that may result in adverse outcomes.

From time-to-time we may be involved in a variety of claims or litigations. Such proceeding may initially be viewed as immaterial but could prove to be material. Litigations are inherently unpredictable and excessive verdicts do occur. Given the inherent uncertainties in litigation, even when we can reasonably estimate the amount of possible loss or range of loss and reasonably estimable loss contingencies, the actual outcome may change in the future due to new developments or changes in approach. In addition, such claims or litigations could involve significant expense and diversion of management's attention and resources from other matters.

Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 2

Our business could be subject to potential product liability claims.

The testing, manufacturing and marketing of Greystone's products and proposed products involve inherent risks related to product liability claims or similar legal theories that may be asserted against Greystone, some of which may cause Greystone to incur significant defense costs. Although Greystone currently maintains product liability insurance coverage that it believes is adequate, there can be no assurance that the coverage limits of its insurance will be adequate under all circumstances or that all such claims will be covered by insurance. In addition, these policies generally must be renewed every year. While Greystone has been able to obtain product liability insurance in the past, there can be no assurance it will be able to obtain such insurance in the future on all of its existing or future products. A successful product liability claim or other judgment against Greystone in excess of its insurance coverage, or the loss of Greystone's product liability insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect upon Greystone.

Environmental / Social1 | 4.3%

Environmental / Social - Risk 1

Our business could be affected by changes or new legislation regarding environmental matters.

Greystone's business is subject to changing federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations pertaining to the discharge of materials into the environment, the handling and disposition of waste (including solid and hazardous waste) or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment. As is the case with manufacturers in general, if a release of hazardous substances occurs on or from Greystone's properties or any associated off-site disposal location, or if contamination from prior activities is discovered at any of Greystone's properties, Greystone may be held liable. No assurances can be given that additional environmental issues will not require future expenditures. In addition, the plastics industry is subject to existing and potential federal, state, local and foreign legislation designed to reduce solid wastes by requiring, among other things, plastics to be degradable in landfills, minimum levels of recycled content, various recycling requirements and disposal fees and limits on the use of plastic products. Also, various consumer and special interest groups have lobbied from time to time for the implementation of these and other similar measures. Although Greystone believes that the legislation promulgated to date and such initiatives to date have not had a material adverse effect on it, there can be no assurance that any such future legislative or regulatory efforts or future initiatives would not have a material adverse effect.

Production

Total Risks: 4/23 (17%)Below Sector Average

Manufacturing1 | 4.3%

Manufacturing - Risk 1

An unexpected interruption in our warehousing facilities or if there is a lack of capacity at our warehousing facilities, it could reduce our sales and margins.

We store products in our warehouses that we then ship to customers or distributors. If we run out of capacity, we won't be able to store as many products and may not be able to maintain all products in an efficient manner. Additionally, if there is any unexpected interruption to our warehousing facilities, for any reason, such as loss of certifications or licenses, as a result of weather, terrorism or acts of war, fire, earthquake, or other national disaster, a work stoppage or other labor-related disruption, electrical outages, or other events, it could result in significant reductions to our sales and margins and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Employment / Personnel1 | 4.3%

Employment / Personnel - Risk 1

Greystone currently depends on certain key personnel.

Greystone is dependent on the experience, abilities and continued services of its current management. In particular, Warren Kruger, Greystone's President and CEO, has played a significant role in the development, management and financing of Greystone. The loss or reduction of services of Warren Kruger or any other key employee could have a material adverse effect on Greystone. In addition, there is no assurance that additional managerial assistance will not be required, or that Greystone will be able to attract or retain such personnel.

Supply Chain1 | 4.3%

Supply Chain - Risk 1

Our business could be affected by changes in the availability of raw materials.

Greystone uses a proprietary mix of raw materials to produce its plastic pallets. Such raw materials are generally readily available, and some may be obtained from a broad range of recycled plastic suppliers and unprocessed waste plastic. At the present time, these materials are being purchased from local and national suppliers. If available, these materials may also be purchased from international suppliers. The availability of Greystone's raw materials could change at any time for various reasons. For example, the market demand for Greystone's raw materials could suddenly increase, or the rate at which plastic materials are recycled could decrease, affecting both availability and price. Additionally, the laws and regulations governing the production of plastics and the recycling of plastic containers could change and, as a result, affect the supply of Greystone's raw materials. Any interruption in the supply of raw materials or components could have a material adverse effect on Greystone. Furthermore, certain potential alternative suppliers may have pre-existing exclusive relationships with Greystone's competitors and others that may preclude Greystone from obtaining raw materials from such suppliers.

Costs1 | 4.3%

Costs - Risk 1

We may not have sufficient insurance coverage and an interruption of our business or loss of a significant amount of property could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations.

We currently do not maintain any insurance policies against loss of key personnel. We do maintain insurance coverage for business interruption as well as product liability claims. In addition, we do maintain director and officer insurance coverage. If any event were to occur which required our insurance coverage to be applicable as well as a loss of key personnel, our business, financial performance, and financial position may be materially and adversely affected.

Ability to Sell

Total Risks: 4/23 (17%)Above Sector Average

Competition1 | 4.3%

Competition - Risk 1

Greystone's business could be affected by competition and rapid technological change.

Greystone currently faces competition from many companies that produce wooden pallets at prices that are substantially lower than the prices Greystone and other companies that manufacture plastic pallets charge for their plastic pallets. It is anticipated that the plastic pallet industry will be subject to intense competition and rapid technological change. Greystone could potentially face additional competition from recycling and plastics companies, many of which have substantially greater financial and other resources than Greystone and, therefore, are able to spend more than Greystone in areas such as product development, manufacturing and marketing. Competitors may develop products that render Greystone's products or proposed products uneconomical or result in products being commercialized that may be superior to Greystone's products. In addition, alternatives to plastic pallets could be developed, which would have a material adverse effect on Greystone.

Demand1 | 4.3%

Demand - Risk 1

We are dependent on a few large customers.

Greystone derives a large portion of its revenue from a few large customers and expects that this trend will continue in the foreseeable future. Three customers currently account for approximately 81% of its total sales in fiscal year 2024 (73% in fiscal year 2023). There is no assurance that Greystone will retain these customers' business at the same level, or at all. The loss of a material amount of business from one of these customers would have a material adverse effect on Greystone.

Sales & Marketing2 | 8.7%

Sales & Marketing - Risk 1

Any interruption to our distribution channels for our products could adversely affect our sales and results of operations.

Any interruption to our distribution channels for our products for any reason, such as disruption of distribution channels as a result of weather, terrorism or acts of war, fire, earthquake, or other national disaster, a work stoppage or other labor-related disruption, could adversely affect our sales and results of operations.

Sales & Marketing - Risk 2

We do not have any long-term contracts with our suppliers or with our customers, and we do not have many written contracts with our customers, and if we can't maintain these relationships or if we or our suppliers experience manufacturing problems or delays, our financial results will be negatively affected.

We do not have any long-term contracts with our suppliers or with our customers for our current or planned products. We also do not have many written contracts with our customers. There can be no assurance that these suppliers will continue to sell to us on prior or current terms, or at all and likewise there can also be no assurance that our customers will continue to purchase from us or that we can obtain customers to purchase our planned products. We may not be able to maintain our relationships with our suppliers and customers, or we may be unable to find alternate suppliers or customers in a timely fashion. Should this occur, our revenues and results of operations will be negatively affected. Additionally, we or our suppliers may encounter unforeseen delays or shortfalls in manufacturing, and our suppliers' production processes may have to change to accommodate any significant future expansion of our manufacturing capacity, which may increase our or our suppliers' manufacturing costs, delay production of our current and planned products, reduce our product gross margin and adversely impact our business. If we are unable to keep up with demand for our current and planned products by maintaining our relationships with our suppliers or successfully manufacturing and shipping our products in a timely manner, our revenue could be impaired, market acceptance for our current and planned products could be adversely affected and our customers might instead purchase our competitors' products. In addition, developing manufacturing procedures for new products may require developing specific production processes for those products. Developing such processes could be time consuming and any unexpected difficulty in doing so can delay the introduction of a product.

Tech & Innovation

Total Risks: 2/23 (9%)Below Sector Average

Trade Secrets1 | 4.3%

Trade Secrets - Risk 1

We may not be able to effectively protect Greystone's patents and proprietary rights.

Greystone relies upon a combination of patents and trade secrets to protect its proprietary technology, rights and know-how. There can be no assurance that such patent rights will not be infringed upon, that Greystone's trade secrets will not otherwise become known to or independently developed by competitors, that non-disclosure agreements will not be breached, or that Greystone would have adequate remedies for any such infringement or breach. Litigation may be necessary to enforce Greystone's proprietary rights or to defend Greystone against third-party claims of infringement. Such litigation could result in substantial cost to, and a diversion of effort by, Greystone and its management and may have a material adverse effect on Greystone. Greystone's success and potential competitive advantage is dependent upon its ability to exploit the technology under these patents. There can be no assurance that Greystone will be able to exploit the technology covered by these patents or that Greystone will be able to do so exclusively.

Cyber Security1 | 4.3%

Cyber Security - Risk 1

Security breaches of confidential customer and employee information may adversely affect our business.

Our business requires the collection, transmission and retention of large volumes of customer and employee data, including personally identifiable information, in various information technology systems that are maintained internally and by third parties with whom we contract to provide services. The integrity and protection of that employee data is critical to us. Our customers and employees have a high expectation that we and our service providers will adequately protect their personal information. The information, security and privacy requirements imposed by governmental regulation are increasingly demanding. Our systems may not be able to satisfy these changing requirements and customer and employee expectations or may require significant additional investments or time in order to do so. Efforts to hack or breach security measures, failures of systems or software to operate as designed or intended, viruses, operator error or inadvertent releases of data all threaten our information systems and records. A breach in the security of our service providers' information technology systems could lead to an interruption in the operation of our systems, resulting in operational inefficiencies and a loss of profits. A significant theft, loss or misappropriation of, or access to, customers' or other proprietary data or other breach of our information technology systems could result in fines, legal claims or proceedings, including regulatory investigations and actions, or liability for failure to comply with privacy and information security laws, which could disrupt our operations, damage our reputation and expose us to claims from customers and employees, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?

Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.

They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.

It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.

How do companies disclose their risk factors?

Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.

Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.

Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.

According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.

How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?

Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.

You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.

Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.

A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.

What are all the risk factor categories?

TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.

1. Financial & Corporate

Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.

2. Legal & Regulatory

Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.

3. Production

Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.

4. Technology & Innovation

Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.

5. Ability to Sell

Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.

6. Macro & Political

Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.

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