Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.
Earth Science Tech disclosed 38 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Earth Science Tech reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.
Risk Overview Q1, 2022
Risk Distribution
34% Finance & Corporate
32% Legal & Regulatory
21% Ability to Sell
8% Tech & Innovation
5% Production
0% Macro & Political
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy
This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.
Risk Change Over Time
S&P500 Average
Sector Average
Risks removed
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Risks changed
Earth Science Tech Risk Factors
New Risk (0)
Risk Changed (0)
Risk Removed (0)
No changes from previous report
The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.
The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.
Risk Highlights Q1, 2022
Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 13 Risks
Finance & Corporate
With 13 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
38
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
38
No changes from last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
Recent Changes
0Risks added
0Risks removed
2Risks changed
Since Mar 2022
0Risks added
0Risks removed
2Risks changed
Since Mar 2022
Number of Risk Changed
2
+1
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 3
2
+1
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 3
See the risk highlights of Earth Science Tech in the last period.
Risk Word Cloud
The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.
Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 38
Finance & Corporate
Total Risks: 13/38 (34%)Above Sector Average
Share Price & Shareholder Rights7 | 18.4%
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
FINRA sales practice requirements may also limit a stockholder's ability to buy and sell our stock:
In addition to the "penny stock" rules described above, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (known as "FINRA") has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer's financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common shares, which may limit your ability to buy and sell our stock and have an adverse effect on the market for our shares.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
Our common stock market prices may be volatile, which substantially increases the risk that investors may not be able to sell their Securities at or above the price that was paid for the security.
Because of the limited trading market for our common stock and because of the possible price volatility, shareholders may not be able to sell their shares of common stock when desired. The inability to sell Securities in a rapidly declining market may substantially increase the risk of loss because of such illiquidity and because the price for our Securities may suffer greater declines because of our price volatility.
Certain factors, some of which are beyond our control, which may cause our share price to fluctuate significantly include, but are not limited to the following:
¦ variations in our quarterly operating results; ¦ loss of a key relationship or failure to complete significant transactions; ¦ additions or departures of key personnel; and ¦ fluctuations in stock market price and volume.
Additionally, in recent years the stock market in general, and the personal care markets in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. In some cases, these fluctuations are unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the underlying company. These market and industry factors may materially and adversely affect our stock price, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of those companies' common stock. If we become involved in this type of litigation in the future, it could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and resources, which could have a further negative effect on shareholders' investments in our stock.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
Because our securities are subject to penny stock rules, you may have difficulty reselling your shares:
Our shares as penny stocks, are covered by Section 15(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 which imposes additional sales practice requirements on broker/dealers who sell our company's securities including the delivery of a standardized disclosure document; disclosure and confirmation of quotation prices; disclosure of compensation the broker/dealer receives; and furnishing monthly account statements. These rules apply to companies whose shares are not traded on a national stock exchange, trade at less than $5.00 per share, or who do not meet certain other financial requirements specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission. These rules require brokers who sell "penny stocks" to persons other than established customers and "accredited investors" to complete certain documentation, make suitability inquiries of investors, and provide investors with certain information concerning the risks of trading in such penny stocks. These rules may discourage or restrict the ability of brokers to sell our shares of common stock and may affect the secondary market for our shares of common stock. These rules could also hamper our ability to raise funds in the primary market for our shares of common stock.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
Because we may issue additional shares of our common stock, investment in our company could be subject to substantial dilution:
Investors' interests in our Company will be diluted and investors may suffer dilution in their net book value per share when we issue additional shares. We are authorized to issue 750,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share. As of March 31, 2022 there were 53,851,966 shares issued and outstanding and as of June 30, 2022 there were 53,851,966 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. We anticipate that all or at least some of our future funding, if any, will be in the form of equity financing from the sale of our common stock. If we do sell more common stock, investors' investment in our company will likely be diluted. Dilution is the difference between what investors pay for their stock and the net tangible book value per share immediately after the additional shares are sold by us. If dilution occurs, any investment in our company's common stock could seriously decline in value.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
We are currently under the control of a court - appointed receiver.
On January 11, 2019, the Company received notice that Strongbow Advisors, Inc., and Robert Stevens had been appointed by the Nevada District Court, as Receiver for the Registrant in Case No. A-18-784952-C.
The company sought the appointment of the Receiver after it found itself in an imminent danger of insolvency following the issuance by an arbitration panel of an award in the sum of $3,994,522.5 million in favor of Cromogen Biotechnology Corporation in the matter entitled Cromogen Biotechnology Corporation vs. Earth Science Tech, Inc.
The Award consisted of a sum for breach of contract against the Company in the amount of $120,265, a sum for costs and fees against the Company in the amount of $111,057 and a sum for the claim of tortuous interference and conversion against the Company in the amount of $3,763,200. The District Court in Florida had confirmed the Award granted by the arbitration panel, denying however, the award of fees that the arbitration panel had granted Cromogen.
The Cromogen Litigation has now been settled for $585,885.90 under terms that involve monthly payments. If we default on the payment terms, the total amount due would be substantially greater, however the Cromogen matter has been resolved to management's satisfaction.
Although the appointment of the Receiver was approved unanimously by the Board and by a majority of the Company's shareholders. Strongbow and Stevens were selected because of their representation of their practice and reputation for helping (i) companies restructure and (ii) to execute on their business plans, albeit under a debt and capital structure that allows them to succeed. Stevens and Strongbow assist companies by helping them raise the capital needed not only to pay debts, but build and grow their businesses. A receiver, however, is an agent of the court, and needs be independent and neutral in managing the Company's operations and trying to preserve the Company's value for the creditors and shareholders. Notwithstanding the forgoing, when the motion to intervene was initiated by one of the Company's major shareholders, the Receiver proposed a plan of liquidation to the Court which the Court rejected. As that litigation progressed, what began as a concern about the Receiver's transparency turned to concerns about that Receiver's certifications both to the Company's Auditor and in the Periodic Reports that were filed with the SEC. The Receiver fired the Company's President and its CFO resigned because of requests made by the Receiver that the CFO considered inappropriate. Initially, because of a high six figure invoice presented by the Receiver to covered time periods beginning with the Receiver's appointment until the time the statement was presented to the court and because there was nobody left in management to evaluate or otherwise challenge its treatment, it was both management and the auditor's position that restatements of the financial statements was going to be required. However, with the discharge and removal of that Receiver and the appointment of Mr. Leonard by the Court Order doing so had the specific direction to the successor receiver to investigate any potential conversion, fraud or embezzlement and to claw-back the same if found, as well as to review the Receiver's claimed fees and those received as part of his investigation. Management believes that the evidence will support a denial of the most recent statement presented by Stevens and Strongbow, and depending on that outcome and what is determined by the successor receiver, it may not be necessary for the Company to restate its financial statements and amend its periodic reports filed with the SEC.
There are a number of possible outcomes to the receivership, including settlement and payment to creditors, reorganization, or, although management believes it unlikely at this juncture, liquidation. The stated intent of the successor receiver is to reorganize the Company, pay or settle the Company's debts and emerge from receivership. Management and a number of shareholders were concerned about a lack of transparency in the amount of administrative expenses on the part of the Receiver and as a result, a motion to intervene was filed in the Nevada District Court culminating it the discharge and removal of the original Receiver. The Receiver was replaced by William Leonard upon the Order of the Nevada District Court on August 27, 2021. The successor receiver is investigating a number of issues during the period of the prior Receiver's appointment. If the successor receiver does not mitigate the impact or otherwise settle or restructure the Company's liabilities, the Company's results could be materially adversely impacted and the Company may be forced to liquidate its business.
As part of the receivership, the Court issued a Writ of Injunction or "Blanket Stay" covering the Company and its assets during the time that the Company is in receivership. As a result of the "Blanket Stay" the Company's estate is protected from creditors and interference with its administration is prevented while the Company's financial issues are being fully analyzed and resolved. As part of this process, creditors were notified and required to provide claims in writing under oath on or before the deadline stated in the notice provided by the Receiver and those claims not made before the deadline were barred under NRS §78.675. The Blanket Stay will remain in place unless otherwise waived by the Receiver, or it is vacated by the Court or alternatively, lifted by the Court, upon a "motion to lift stay" duly made and approved by the Nevada District Court.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
Changed
Trading in our common stock on the Pink Exchange has been subject to wide fluctuations:
Our common stock is currently quoted for public trading on the Pink Exchange. The trading price of our common stock has been subject to wide fluctuations. Trading prices of our common stock may fluctuate in response to a number of factors, many of which will be beyond our control. The stock market has generally experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies with limited business operation. There can be no assurance that trading prices and price earnings ratios previously experienced by our common stock will be matched or maintained. These broad market and industry factors may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs for us and a diversion of management's attention and resources.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
Changed
Our common stock is currently quoted only on the Pink marketplace, which may have an unfavorable impact on our stock price and liquidity:
Our common stock is quoted on the pink Marketplace. The OTCPink Marketplace is a significantly more limited market than the New York Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ stock market. The quotation of our shares of common stock on the pink Marketplace may result in a less liquid market available for existing and potential stockholders to trade shares of our common stock, could depress the trading price of our common stock and could have a long-term adverse impact on our ability to raise capital in the future.
There can be no assurance that there will be an active market for our shares of common stock either now or in the future. Market liquidity will depend on the perception of our operating business and any steps that our management might take to bring us to the awareness of investors. There can be no assurance given that there will be any awareness generated. Consequently, investors may not be able to liquidate their investment or liquidate at a price that reflects the value of the business. As a result, holders of our securities may not find purchasers for our securities should they desire to sell them. Consequently, our securities should be purchased only by investors having no need for liquidity in their investment and who can hold our securities for an indefinite period of time.
Accounting & Financial Operations3 | 7.9%
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1
We do not intend to pay cash dividends on any investment in the shares of stock of our Company and any gain on an investment in our Company will need to come through an increase in our stock's price, which may never happen:
We have never paid any cash dividends and currently do not intend to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. To the extent that we require additional funding currently not provided for, our funding sources may prohibit the payment of a dividend. Because we do not currently intend to declare dividends, any gain on an investment in our company will need to come through an increase in the stock's price. This may never happen and investors may lose all of their investment in our company.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2
Uncertainty of profitability:
Our business strategy may result in increased volatility of revenues and earnings. As we only have a limited number of products developed at this time, our overall success will depend on a limited number of products and our ability to develop or find new ones or new applications as well as our research and development efforts, which may cause variability and unsteady profits and losses depending on the products offered and their market acceptance.
Our revenues and our profitability may be adversely affected by economic conditions and changes in the market for medical and recreational marijuana. Our business is also subject to general economic risks that could adversely impact the results of operations and financial condition.
Because of the anticipated nature of the products that we offer and attempt to develop, it is difficult to accurately forecast revenues and operating results and these items could fluctuate in the future due to a number of factors.
These factors may include, among other things, the following:
- Our ability to raise sufficient capital to take advantage of opportunities and generate sufficient revenues to cover expenses. - Our ability to source strong opportunities with sufficient risk adjusted returns. - Our ability to manage our capital and liquidity requirements based on changing market conditions generally and changes in the developing legal medical marijuana and recreational marijuana industries. - The acceptance of the terms and conditions of our service. - The amount and timing of operating and other costs and expenses. - The nature and extent of competition from other companies that may reduce market share and create pressure on pricing and investment return expectations. - Adverse changes in the national and regional economies in which we will participate, including, but not limited to, changes in our performance, capital availability, and market demand. - Adverse changes in the projects in which we plan to invest which result from factors beyond our control, including, but not limited to, a change in circumstances, capacity and economic impacts. - Adverse developments in the efforts to legalize marijuana or increased federal enforcement. - Changes in laws, regulations, accounting, taxation, and other requirements affecting our operations and business. - Our operating results may fluctuate from year to year due to the factors listed above and others not listed. At times, these fluctuations may be significant.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 3
Our operating results may fluctuate, which makes our results difficult to predict and could cause our results to fall short of expectations.
Our operating results may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, many of which may be outside of our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Our quarterly, year-to-date, and annual expenses as a percentage of our revenues may differ significantly from our historical or projected rates. Our operating results in future quarters may fall below expectations. Each of the following factors may affect our operating results:
- our ability to deliver products in a timely manner in sufficient volumes; - our ability to recognize product trends; - our loss of one or more significant customers; - the introduction of successful new products by our competitors; - adverse media reports on the use or efficacy of nutritional supplements; and - our inability to make our online division profitable.
Because our business is changing and evolving, our historical operating results may not be useful to you in predicting our future operating results.
Debt & Financing2 | 5.3%
Debt & Financing - Risk 1
We may not have the liquidity to support our future operations and capital requirements.
Whether we can achieve cash flow levels sufficient to support our operations cannot be accurately predicted. Unless such cash flow levels are achieved, we may need to borrow additional funds or sell debt or equity securities, or some combination thereof, to provide funding for our operations. Such additional funding may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not available when needed, our financial condition and operating results would be materially and adversely affected and we may not be able to operate our business without significant changes in our operations, or at all.
Debt & Financing - Risk 2
Failure to raise additional capital to fund operations could harm our business and results of operations:
Our primary source of operating funds from 2015 through the March 31, 2021 fiscal year end has been from revenue generated from proceeds from sales of our CBD products and full spectrum oils powders and gel caps as well as the sale of our common stock. The Company has experienced net losses from operations since inception, but expects these conditions to improve in 2021 and beyond as it develops its business model. The Company has stockholders' deficiencies at March 31, 2022 and will require additional financing to fund future operations. Currently, we do not have any firm committed arrangements for financing and can provide no assurance to investors that we will be able to obtain financing when required. No assurance can be given that the Company will obtain access to capital markets in the future or that financing, adequate to satisfy the cash requirements of implementing our business strategies, will be available on acceptable terms. The inability of the Company to gain access to capital markets or obtain acceptable financing could have an adverse effect upon the results of its operations and upon its financial conditions.
Corporate Activity and Growth1 | 2.6%
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1
Because we have a limited history of operations, and our other ventures are in the development stage or not of yet capitalized, we anticipate our operating expenses will increase prior to earning revenue, and we may never achieve profitability:
The Company launched its first product hemp products in 2015. As we continue to conduct research and development of other CBD and cannabinoid products, we anticipate increases in our operating expenses, without realizing significant revenues from operations. Within the next 12 months, these increases in expenses will be attributed to the cost of (i) administration and start-up costs, (ii) research and development, (iii) advertising, (iv) legal and accounting fees at various stages of operation, (v) joint venture activities, (vi) creating and maintaining distribution and supply chain channels.
As a result of some or all of these factors in combination, the Company may incur losses in the foreseeable future. There is no history upon which to base any assumption as to the likelihood that the Company will prove successful in its research and development projects. We cannot provide investors with any assurance that our business will attract customers and investors. If we were unable to address these risks our business could fail.
Legal & Regulatory
Total Risks: 12/38 (32%)Above Sector Average
Regulation8 | 21.1%
Regulation - Risk 1
Independent Sales Representatives could fail to comply with our policies and procedures or make improper product, compensation, marketing or advertising claims that violate laws or regulations, which could result in claims against us that could harm our financial condition and operating results.
We sell our products through a sales force of independent representatives. The independent representatives are independent contractors and, accordingly, we are not in a position to provide the same direction, motivation, and oversight as we would if associates were our own employees. As a result, there can be no assurance that our representatives will participate in our marketing strategies or plans, accept our introduction of new products, or comply with our policies and procedures. All independent representatives will be required to sign a written contract and agree to adhere to our policies and procedures, which prohibit associates from making false, misleading or other improper claims regarding products or income potential from the distribution of the products. However, independent representatives may from time to time, without our knowledge and in violation of our policies, create promotional materials or otherwise provide information that does not accurately describe our marketing program. There is a possibility that some jurisdictions could seek to hold us responsible for independent representatives' activities that violate applicable laws or regulations, which could result in government or third-party actions or fines against us, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
Regulation - Risk 2
The regulation of penny stocks by SEC and FINRA may discourage the tradability of our securities.
We are a "penny stock" company. None of our securities currently trade in any market and, if ever available for trading, will be subject to a Securities and Exchange Commission rule that imposes special sales practice requirements upon broker-dealers who sell such securities to persons other than established customers or Accredited Investors. For purposes of the rule, the phrase "Accredited Investors" means, in general terms, institutions with assets in excess of $5,000,000, or individuals having a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or having an annual income that exceeds $200,000 (or that, when combined with a spouse's income, exceeds $300,000). For transactions covered by the rule, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser's written agreement to the transaction prior to the sale. Effectively, this discourages broker-dealers from executing trades in penny stocks. Consequently, the rule will affect the ability of purchasers of our stock to sell their securities in any market that might develop therefore because it imposes additional regulatory burdens on penny stock transactions.
In addition, the Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted a number of rules to regulate "penny stocks". Such rules include Rules 3a51-1, 15g-1, 15g-2, 15g-3, 15g-4, 15g-5, 15g-6, 15g-7, and 15g-9 under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Because our securities constitute "penny stocks" within the meaning of the rules, the rules would apply to us and to our securities. The rules will further affect the ability of owners of shares to sell our securities in any market that might develop for them because it imposes additional regulatory burdens on penny stock transactions.
Shareholders should be aware that, according to Securities and Exchange Commission, the market for penny stocks has suffered in recent years from patterns of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include (i) control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer; (ii) manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; (iii) "boiler room" practices involving high-pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by inexperienced sales persons; (iv) excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differentials and markups by selling broker-dealers; and (v) the wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired consequent investor losses. Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock market. Although we do not expect to be in a position to dictate the behavior of the market or of broker-dealers who participate in the market, management will strive within the confines of practical limitations to prevent the described patterns from being established with respect to our securities.
Regulation - Risk 3
Banking regulations in our business are costly and time consuming:
In assessing the risk of providing services to a marijuana-related business, a financial institutions may conduct customer due diligence that includes: (i) verifying with the appropriate state authorities whether the business is duly licensed and registered; (ii) reviewing the license application (and related documentation) submitted by the business for obtaining a state license to operate its marijuana-related business; (iii) requesting from state licensing and enforcement authorities available information about the business and related parties; (iv) developing an understanding of the normal and expected activity for the business, including the types of products to be sold and the type of customers to be served (e.g., medical versus recreational customers); (v) ongoing monitoring of publicly available sources for adverse information about the business and related parties; (vi) ongoing monitoring for suspicious activity, including for any of the red flags described in this guidance; and (vii) refreshing information obtained as part of customer due diligence on a periodic basis and commensurate with the risk. With respect to information regarding state licensure obtained in connection with such customer due diligence, a financial institution may reasonably rely on the accuracy of information provided by state licensing authorities, where states make such information available. These regulatory reviews may be time consuming and costly. Currently we are not licensed and have operated in a manner to avoid the necessity of licensure by not using products containing THC, nevertheless CBD and cannabinoids are still part of the cannabis plant and as such are considered schedule 1 drugs, as such many banks will not transact business with us. We have been successful to date in finding merchant credit card processing and a bank that will do business with us. If either of them decided to cease doing business with us we would not have a way to receive payment and our operations would be negatively affected unless we could find a new bank or processor that would work with us, of which there can be no assurance.
Regulation - Risk 4
FDA and Other Regulation of Compounding Pharmacies and Ownership.
Assuming we are successful in pursuing the acquisition of RxCompoundingStore.com, LLC, and Peaks Curative, LLC, we will also be subject to FDA and other regulatory oversight and regulation related to the products we offer through our compounding pharmacy, the billing through Medicare and Medicaid as to durable medical equipment. In addition, it is possible that we may be subject to additional issues because of our common ownership of Peaks Curative and the Pharmacy that supplies the product prescribed. This may result in our inability to realize certain synergies we are hopeful that will exist.
Regulation - Risk 5
The possible FDA Regulation of cannabis marijuana and CBD, and the possible registration of facilities where cannabis is grown and CBD products are produced, if implemented, could negatively affect the cannabis industry generally, which could directly affect our financial condition:
The FDA has not approved cannabis, marijuana, industrial hemp or CBD derived from cannabis or industrial hemp as a safe and effective drug for any indication. The FDA considers these substances illegal Schedule 1 drugs. As of the date of this filing, we have not, and do not intend to file an IND with the FDA, concerning any of our products that may contain cannabis, industrial hemp or CBD derived from industrial hemp. Further, The FDA has concluded that products containing cannabis, marijuana industrial hemp or CBD derived from industrial hemp are excluded from the dietary supplement definition under sections 201(ff)(3)(B)(i) and (ii) of the U.S. Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act, respectively. Our products are not marketed or sold as dietary supplements. However, at some indeterminate future time, the FDA may choose to change its position concerning products containing cannabis, marijuana, or CBD derived from industrial hemp, and may choose to enact regulations that are applicable to such products, including, but not limited to: the growth, cultivation, harvesting and processing of cannabis and marijuana; regulations covering the physical facilities where cannabis and marijuana are grown; and possible testing to determine efficacy and safety of CBD. In this hypothetical event, our industrial hemp-based products containing CBD may be subject to regulation. In the hypothetical event that some or all of these regulations are imposed, we do not know what the impact would be on the cannabis industry in general, and what costs, requirements and possible prohibitions may be enforced. If we are unable to comply with the conditions and possible costs of possible regulations and/or registration as may be prescribed by the FDA, we may be unable to continue to operate our business.
Regulation - Risk 6
Our current business is dependent on laws pertaining to the cannabis industry:
The federal government has issued guidance to federal prosecutors concerning marijuana enforcement under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The Cole Memorandum updates that guidance in light of state ballot initiatives that legalize under state law the possession of small amounts of marijuana and provide for the regulation of marijuana production, processing, and sale. The guidance set forth herein applies to all federal enforcement activity, including civil enforcement and criminal investigations and prosecutions, concerning marijuana in all states.
Congress has determined that marijuana is a dangerous drug and that the illegal distribution and sale of marijuana is a serious crime that provides a significant source of revenue to large-scale criminal enterprises, gangs, and cartels. The Department of Justice is committed to enforcement of the Controlled Substance Act (CSA) consistent with those determinations. The Department is also committed to using its limited investigative and prosecutorial resources to address the most significant threats in the most effective, consistent, and rational way. In furtherance of those objectives, as several states enacted laws relating to the use of marijuana for medical purposes, the Department in recent years has focused its efforts on certain enforcement priorities that are particularly important to the federal government:
Congress has determined that marijuana is a dangerous drug and that the illegal distribution and sale of marijuana is a serious crime that provides a significant source of revenue to large-scale criminal enterprises, gangs, and cartels. The Department of Justice is committed to enforcement of the Controlled Substance Act (CSA) consistent with those determinations. The Department is also committed to using its limited investigative and prosecutorial resources to address the most significant threats in the most effective, consistent, and rational way. In furtherance of those objectives, as several states enacted laws relating to the use of marijuana for medical purposes, the Department in recent years has focused its efforts on certain enforcement priorities that are particularly important to the federal government:
¦ Preventing the distribution of marijuana to minors; ¦ Preventing revenue from the sale of marijuana from going to criminal enterprises, gangs, and cartels; ¦ Preventing the diversion of marijuana from states where it is legal under state law in some form to other states; ¦ Preventing state-authorized marijuana activity from being used as a cover or pretext for the trafficking of other illegal drugs or other illegal activity; ¦ Providing the necessary resources and demonstrate the willingness to enforce their laws, and ¦ Enacting regulations in a manner that ensures they do not undermine federal enforcement priorities.
In jurisdictions that have enacted laws legalizing marijuana in some form, and that have also implemented strong and effective regulatory and enforcement systems to control the cultivation, distribution, sale, and possession of marijuana, conduct in compliance with those laws and regulations is less likely to threaten the federal priorities set forth above. Indeed, a robust system may affirmatively address those priorities by, for example, implementing effective measures to prevent diversion of marijuana outside of the regulated system and to other states, prohibiting access to marijuana by minors, and replacing an illicit marijuana trade that funds criminal enterprises with a tightly regulated market in which revenues are tracked and accounted for. In those circumstances, consistent with the traditional allocation of federal-state efforts in this area, enforcement of state law by state and local law enforcement and regulatory bodies should remain the primary means of addressing marijuana-related activity. If state enforcement efforts are not sufficiently robust to protect against the harms set forth above, the federal government may seek to challenge the regulatory structure itself in addition to continuing to bring individual enforcement actions, including criminal prosecutions, focused on those harms.
As with the Department's previous statements on this subject, this memorandum is intended solely as a guide to the exercise of investigative and prosecutorial discretion. This memorandum does not alter in any way the Department's authority to enforce federal law, including federal laws relating to marijuana, regardless of state law. Neither the guidance herein nor any state or local law provides a legal defense to a violation of federal law, including any civil or criminal violation of the CSA. Even in jurisdictions with strong and effective regulatory systems, evidence that particular conduct threatens federal priorities will subject that person or entity to federal enforcement action, based on the circumstances. This memorandum is not intended to, does not, and may not be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by any party in any matter civil or criminal. It applies prospectively to the exercise of prosecutorial discretion in future cases and does not provide defendants or subjects of enforcement action with a basis for reconsideration of any pending civil action or criminal prosecution. Finally, nothing herein precludes investigation or prosecution, even in the absence of any one of the factors listed above, in particular circumstances where investigation and prosecution otherwise serves an important federal interest.
As to the Company engaging in business outside of the jurisdiction of the U.S.A., the Company must first assume that the laws in other country(s), territories or destinations are similar to that of the U.S. Federal Government, however, the Company must then retain competent legal counsel in this outside jurisdiction and insisting that they understand and obtain a copy of these foreign laws and rules and should gain the expertise and representation of a foreign specialist or attorney in the foreign destination being considered prior to engaging in any cannabis, marijuana or hemp business.
Regulation - Risk 7
Laws and regulations affecting our industry are constantly changing:
The constant evolution of laws and regulations affecting the marijuana industry and the compounding pharmacy as well as rules and regulations affecting the insurance coverage for durable medical equipment (assuming we are successful in our planned acquisitions) could detrimentally affect our operations. Local, state and federal medical marijuana laws and regulations are broad in scope and subject to changing interpretations. These changes may require us to incur substantial costs associated with legal and compliance fees and ultimately require us to alter our business plan. Furthermore, violations of these laws, or alleged violations, could disrupt our business and result in a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, we cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations or applications, and it is possible that regulations may be enacted in the future that will be directly applicable to our business.
Regulation - Risk 8
Marijuana, and Cannabinoids and CBD with more than 0.3% THC are illegal under federal law
Marijuana, and CBD containing in excess of 0.3% THC are Schedule 1 controlled substances and are illegal under federal law, specifically the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. § 811). Even in states that have legalized the use of marijuana, its sale and use remain violations of federal law. CBD and cannabinoids derived from industrial hemp are not distinguishable. Although the products we buy are certified as THC free, if there were mistakes in processing or mislabeling and THC were found in our products, we could be subject to enforcement and prosecution which would have a negative impact on our business and operation.
Litigation & Legal Liabilities2 | 5.3%
Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 1
Our business is subject to risk of government action:
While we will use our best efforts to comply with all laws, including federal, state and local laws and regulations, there is a possibility that governmental action to enforce any alleged violations may result in legal fees and damage awards that would adversely affect us.
Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 2
Nevada law, our Articles of Incorporation and our by-laws provides for the indemnification of our officers and directors at our expense, and correspondingly limits their liability, which may result in a major cost to us and hurt the interests of our shareholders because corporate resources may be expended for the benefit of officers and/or directors:
Our Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws include provisions that eliminate the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent possible under the laws of the State of Nevada or other applicable law. These provisions eliminate the liability of our directors and our shareholders for monetary damages arising out of any violation of a director of his fiduciary duty of due care. Under Nevada law, however, such provisions do not eliminate the personal liability of a director for (i) breach of the director's duty of loyalty, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct or knowing violation of law, (iii) payment of dividends or repurchases of stock other than from lawfully available funds, or (iv) any transaction from which the director derived an improper benefit. These provisions do not affect a director's liabilities under the federal securities laws or the recovery of damages by third parties.
Taxation & Government Incentives2 | 5.3%
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1
We may be held responsible for certain taxes or assessments relating to the activities of our independent representatives, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our independent representatives are subject to taxation and, in some instances, legislation or governmental agencies impose an obligation on us to collect taxes, such as value added taxes, and to maintain appropriate tax records. In addition, we are subject to the risk in some jurisdictions of being responsible for social security and similar taxes with respect to our distributors. In the event that local laws and regulations require us to treat our independent contractors as employees, or if our reps are deemed by local regulatory authorities to be our employees, rather than independent contractors, we may be held responsible for social security and related taxes in those jurisdictions, plus any related assessments and penalties, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 2
Ordinary and necessary business deduction other than the cost of goods sold are disallowed by the Internal Revenue Services for Cannabis companies under IRC Section 280E:
At this juncture, we do not believe that IRS 280E interferes with our businesses model from deducting ordinary and necessary business expenses because we believe that we are in compliance with the 2014 Farm Bill and/or the products we sell are either from participants that are compliant with the 2014 Farm Bill or are made from lawfully imported industrial hemp full spectrum cannabinoids or CBD. Although we believe that the Farm Bill applies to commercial activity in that it references the "marketing," "sale" and "transportation," of industrial hemp and hemp products that are derived from an authorized state program, it is possible that our suppliers may not be in compliance with the Farm Bill or that a government agency or prosecutor could take a narrower view of the activity allowed under the Farm Bill or import laws, if that were the case we could be seen as selling and distributing a Schedule 1 substance under the CSA and we would therefore be subject to IRC Section 280E. IRC Section 280E only allows the cost of goods sold to be deducted from revenues earned from the sale of cannabis and cannabis products that come under the purview of the CSA. If that were the case, we would not be able to deduct many of our overhead expenses. To the extent that we have subsidiaries and other lines of trade or business, many of those overhead expenses could be allocated to those subsidiaries that are note involved in products that come within the CSA so we would have an opportunity to deduct those disallowed expenses elsewhere. Nevertheless, the revenue that is derived from those other trade or businesses may not be as large as the corresponding deductions so be may still not be able to realize the full benefit of those expenses and instead have net operating losses in the other trade or businesses that we would not be able to use or would have to carry-forward indefinitely. In addition, if the Company enters the cannabis industry more directly, for example if the company were to purchase a marijuana dispensary that was legal under state law and operated in compliance with state law, IRC Section 280E would unquestionably be applicable in which case the onerous tax burden might significantly impact the profitability of the Company and may make the pricing of its products less competitive, to the extent that competitors could manage to find a way to not have their operations subject to IRC Section 280E. Notwithstanding the forgoing, there can be no assurance that if we were to reallocate items of deduction form business segments that were involved in the sales of products coming within the CSA that the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") would not challenge those deductions or disallow them on some other basis. This could result in an onerous tax burden.
Ability to Sell
Total Risks: 8/38 (21%)Above Sector Average
Competition5 | 13.2%
Competition - Risk 1
The Company's industry is highly competitive and we have less capital and resources than many of our competitors which may give them an advantage in developing and marketing products similar to ours or make our products obsolete:
We are involved in a highly competitive industry where we may compete with numerous other companies who offer alternative methods or approaches, who may have far greater resources, more experience, and personnel perhaps more qualified than we do. Such resources may give our competitors an advantage in developing and marketing products similar to ours or products that make our products obsolete. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully compete against these other entities.
Competition - Risk 2
We sell our products in highly competitive markets, which results in pressure on our profit margins and limits our ability to maintain or increase the market share of our services.
The nutraceutical industry as well as the durable medical equipment, retail pharmacy and compounding pharmacy businesses are subject to significant competition and pricing pressures. We will experience significant competitive pricing pressures as well as competitive products. Several significant competitors offer products with prices that may match or are lower than ours. We believe that the products we offer are generally competitive with those offered by other supplement and nutraceutical companies. It is possible that one or more of our competitors could develop a significant research advantage over us that allows them to provide superior products or pricing, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage. Continued pricing pressure or improvements in research and shifts in customer preferences away from natural supplements could adversely impact our customer base or pricing structure and have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Competition - Risk 3
Our future growth is largely dependent upon our ability to successfully compete with new and existing competitors by developing or acquiring new products that achieve market acceptance with acceptable margins.
Our business operates in markets that are characterized by rapidly changing products, evolving industry standards and potential new entrants. For example, a number of new companies with innovative products, which promise significant health benefits are established every year and are competitive with our products. If these companies gain market acceptance, our ability to grow our business could be materially and adversely affected. Accordingly, our future success depends upon a number of factors, including our ability to accomplish the following: identify emerging trends in our target end-markets; develop, acquire and maintain competitive products; enhance our products by adding innovative features that differentiate us from our competitors; and develop or acquire and bring products to market quickly and cost-effectively. Our ability to develop or acquire new products based on quality research can affect our competitive position and requires the investment of significant resources. These acquisitions and development efforts divert resources from other potential investments in our businesses, and they may not lead to the development of new research or products on a timely basis. New or enhanced products may not satisfy consumer preferences and potential product failures may cause consumers to reject these products. As a result, these products may not achieve market acceptance and our brand image could suffer. In addition, our competitors may introduce superior designs or business strategies, impairing our brand and the desirability of our products, which may cause consumers to defer or forego purchases of our products or services. Also, the markets for our products and services may not develop or grow as we anticipate. The failure of our products to gain market acceptance, the potential for product defects or the obsolescence of our products could significantly reduce our revenue, increase our operating costs or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Competition - Risk 4
We are entering a potentially highly competitive market:
The markets for businesses in the medical marijuana and recreational marijuana industries as well as their related CBD and cannabinoid industries are competitive and evolving. In particular, we face strong competition from larger companies that may be in the process of offering similar products and services to ours. Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources and larger client bases than we have (or may be expected to have).
Given the rapid changes affecting the global, national, and regional economies generally and the medical marijuana and recreational marijuana industries, in particular, we may not be able to create and maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Our success will depend on our ability to keep pace with any changes in its markets, especially with legal and regulatory changes. Our success will depend on our ability to respond to, among other things, changes in the economy, market conditions, and competitive pressures. Any failure by us to anticipate or respond adequately to such changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating results, liquidity, cash flow and our operational performance.
Competition - Risk 5
Management of growth will be necessary for us to be competitive:
Successful expansion of our business will depend on our ability to effectively attract and manage staff, strategic business relationships, and shareholders. Specifically, we will need to hire skilled management and technical personnel as well as manage partnerships to navigate shifts in the general economic environment. Expansion has the potential to place significant strains on financial, management, and operational resources, yet failure to expand will inhibit our profitability goals.
Demand1 | 2.6%
Demand - Risk 1
Because our business is dependent upon continued market acceptance by consumers, any negative trends will adversely affect our business operations:
Currently, our CBD business is substantially dependent on continued market acceptance and proliferation of consumers of cannabis, medical marijuana and recreational marijuana as well as CBD and full spectrum cannabinoids. We believe that as marijuana becomes more accepted the stigma associated with marijuana use will diminish and as a result consumer demand will continue to grow. While we believe that the market and opportunity in the marijuana space continues to grow, we cannot predict the future growth rate and size of the market. Any negative outlook on the marijuana industry will adversely affect our business operations.
In addition, it is believed by many that large well-funded businesses may have a strong economic opposition to the cannabis industry. We believe that the pharmaceutical industry clearly does not want to cede control of any product that could generate significant revenue. For example, medical marijuana will likely adversely encroach, impact or displace the existing market for the current marijuana pill Marinol, sold by the mainstream pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry is well funded with a strong and experienced lobby that eclipses the funding of the medical marijuana movement. Any inroads the pharmaceutical industry could make in halting the impending cannabis industry could have a detrimental impact on our business.
Sales & Marketing1 | 2.6%
Sales & Marketing - Risk 1
We may have difficulty accessing the service of banks:
On February 14, 2014, the U.S. government issued rules allowing banks to legally provide financial services to state-licensed marijuana businesses. A memorandum issued by the Justice Department to federal prosecutors re-iterated guidance previously given, this time to the financial industry that banks can do business with legal marijuana businesses and "may not" be prosecuted. The Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued guidelines to banks that it is possible to provide financial services to state-licensed marijuana businesses and still be in compliance with federal anti-money laundering laws. The guidance falls short of the explicit legal authorization that banking industry officials had pushed the government to provide and to date, it is not clear if any banks have relied on the guidance and taken on legal marijuana companies as clients. The aforementioned policy may be administration dependent and a change in presidential administrations may cause a policy reversal and retraction of current policies, wherein legal marijuana businesses may not have access to the banking industry.
Brand / Reputation1 | 2.6%
Brand / Reputation - Risk 1
Adverse publicity or consumer perception of our products and any similar products distributed by others could harm our reputation and adversely affect our sales and revenues.
We believe we are highly dependent upon positive consumer perceptions of the safety and quality of our products as well as similar products distributed by other health and wellness companies. Consumer perception of health products, nutrition supplements and our products in particular can be substantially influenced by scientific research or findings, national media attention and other publicity about product use. Adverse publicity from these sources regarding the safety, quality or efficacy of nutritional supplements and our products could harm our reputation and results of operations. The mere publication of news articles or reports asserting that such products may be harmful or questioning their efficacy could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, regardless of whether such news articles or reports are scientifically supported or whether the claimed harmful effects would be present at the dosages recommended for such products.
Tech & Innovation
Total Risks: 3/38 (8%)Below Sector Average
Innovation / R&D1 | 2.6%
Innovation / R&D - Risk 1
Our products and services are new and our industry is rapidly evolving:
Due consideration must be given to our prospects in light of the risks, uncertainties and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in their early stage of development, particularly companies in the rapidly evolving legal cannabis industry. To be successful in this industry, we must, among other things:
- develop and introduce functional and attractive service offerings; - attract and maintain a large base of consumers; - increase awareness of our brands and develop consumer loyalty; - establish and maintain strategic relationships with distribution partners and service providers; - respond to competitive and technological developments; - attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.
We cannot guarantee that we will succeed in achieving these goals, and our failure to do so would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Some of our products and services are new and are only in early stages of commercialization. We are not certain that these products and services will function as anticipated or be desirable to its intended market. Also, some of our products may have limited functionalities, which may limit their appeal to consumers and put us at a competitive disadvantage. If our current or future products and services fail to function properly or if we do not achieve or sustain market acceptance, we could lose customers or could be subject to claims which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
As is typical in a new and rapidly evolving industry, demand and market acceptance for recently introduced products and services are subject to a high level of uncertainty and risk. Because the market for the Company is new and evolving, it is difficult to predict with any certainty the size of this market and its growth rate, if any. We cannot guarantee that a market for the Company will develop or that demand for Company's products and services will emerge or be sustainable. If the market fails to develop, develops more slowly than expected or becomes saturated with competitors, our business, financial condition and operating results would be materially adversely affected.
Trade Secrets2 | 5.3%
Trade Secrets - Risk 1
Our lack of sufficient patent and/or trademark or copyright protection and any unauthorized use of our proprietary information and technology may affect our business:
We currently rely on a combination of protections by contracts, including confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements, and common law rights, such as trade secrets, to protect our intellectual property. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to adequately protect our technology or other intellectual property from misappropriation in the U.S. and abroad. This risk may be increased due to the lack of certain patent and/or copyright protection. Furthermore, patent applications that we file may not result in issuance of a patent, or, if a patent is issued, the patent may not be issued in a form that is advantageous to us. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, others may independently develop similar products, duplicate our products or design around our patents and other rights. In addition, it is difficult to monitor compliance with, and enforce, our intellectual property rights on a worldwide basis in a cost-effective manner. In jurisdictions where foreign laws provide less intellectual property protection than afforded in the U.S., our technology or other intellectual property may be compromised, and our business could be materially adversely affected. If any of our proprietary rights are misappropriated or we are forced to defend our intellectual property rights, we will have to incur substantial costs. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, including diverting the time and effort of our senior management, and could disrupt our business, as well as have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. We can provide no assurance that we will have the financial resources to oppose any actual or threatened infringement by any third party. Furthermore, any patent or copyrights that we may be granted may be held by a court to infringe on the intellectual property rights of others and subject us to the payment of damage awards.
Trade Secrets - Risk 2
If we fail to protect our intellectual property, our business could be adversely affected:
Our viability will depend, in part, on our ability to develop and maintain the proprietary aspects of our products and brands to distinguish our products from our competitors' products. We rely on trade secrets and confidentiality provisions to establish and protect our intellectual property. Any infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property could damage its value and limit our ability to compete. We may have to engage in litigation to protect the rights to our intellectual property, which could result in significant litigation costs and require a significant amount of our time. Competitors may also harm our sales by designing products that mirror the capabilities of our products or technology without infringing on our intellectual property rights. If we do not obtain sufficient protection for our intellectual property, or if we are unable to effectively enforce our intellectual property rights, our competitiveness could be impaired, which would limit our growth and future revenue. We may also find it necessary to bring infringement or other actions against third parties to seek to protect our intellectual property rights. Litigation of this nature, even if successful, is often expensive and time-consuming to prosecute, and there can be no assurance that we will have the financial or other resources to enforce our rights or be able to enforce our rights, or prevent other parties from developing similar technology or designing around our intellectual property.
Production
Total Risks: 2/38 (5%)Below Sector Average
Employment / Personnel1 | 2.6%
Employment / Personnel - Risk 1
The loss of key management personnel could adversely affect our business.
We depend on the continued services of our executive officers and senior management team as they work closely with independent representative and are responsible for our day-to-day operations. Our success depends in part on our ability to retain our executive officers, to compensate our executive officers at attractive levels, and to continue to attract additional qualified individuals to our management team. Although we have entered into employment agreements with members of our senior management team, and do not believe that any of them are planning to leave or retire in the near term, we cannot assure that our senior managers will remain with us. The loss or limitation of the services of any of our executive officers or members of our senior management team, or the inability to attract additional qualified management personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or independent associate relations.
Costs1 | 2.6%
Costs - Risk 1
Due to our involvement in the cannabis industry, we may have a difficult time obtaining the various insurances that are desired to operate our business, which may expose us to additional risk and financial liability:
Insurance that is otherwise readily available, such as general liability, and directors and officer's insurance, is more difficult for us to find, and more expensive, because we are service providers to companies in the cannabis industry. There are no guarantees that we will be able to find such insurances in the future, or that the cost will be affordable to us. If we are forced to go without such insurances, it may prevent us from entering into certain business sectors, may inhibit our growth, and may expose us to additional risk and financial liabilities.
See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.
FAQ
What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.
They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.
It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
How do companies disclose their risk factors?
Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.
Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.
Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.
According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.
You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.
Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.
A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
What are all the risk factor categories?
TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.
1. Financial & Corporate
Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.
2. Legal & Regulatory
Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.
3. Production
Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.
4. Technology & Innovation
Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.
5. Ability to Sell
Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.
6. Macro & Political
Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.