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Austin Gold Corp. (AUST)
:AUST
US Market

Austin Gold Corp. (AUST) Risk Analysis

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Public companies are required to disclose risks that can affect the business and impact the stock. These disclosures are known as “Risk Factors”. Companies disclose these risks in their yearly (Form 10-K), quarterly earnings (Form 10-Q), or “foreign private issuer” reports (Form 20-F). Risk factors show the challenges a company faces. Investors can consider the worst-case scenarios before making an investment. TipRanks’ Risk Analysis categorizes risks based on proprietary classification algorithms and machine learning.

Austin Gold Corp. disclosed 52 risk factors in its most recent earnings report. Austin Gold Corp. reported the most risks in the “Finance & Corporate” category.

Risk Overview Q4, 2023

Risk Distribution
52Risks
42% Finance & Corporate
19% Legal & Regulatory
19% Production
10% Macro & Political
8% Tech & Innovation
2% Ability to Sell
Finance & Corporate - Financial and accounting risks. Risks related to the execution of corporate activity and strategy
This chart displays the stock's most recent risk distribution according to category. TipRanks has identified 6 major categories: Finance & corporate, legal & regulatory, macro & political, production, tech & innovation, and ability to sell.

Risk Change Over Time

S&P500 Average
Sector Average
Risks removed
Risks added
Risks changed
Austin Gold Corp. Risk Factors
New Risk (0)
Risk Changed (0)
Risk Removed (0)
No changes from previous report
The chart shows the number of risks a company has disclosed. You can compare this to the sector average or S&P 500 average.

The quarters shown in the chart are according to the calendar year (January to December). Businesses set their own financial calendar, known as a fiscal year. For example, Walmart ends their financial year at the end of January to accommodate the holiday season.

Risk Highlights Q4, 2023

Main Risk Category
Finance & Corporate
With 22 Risks
Finance & Corporate
With 22 Risks
Number of Disclosed Risks
52
+1
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
52
+1
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 31
Recent Changes
1Risks added
0Risks removed
2Risks changed
Since Dec 2023
1Risks added
0Risks removed
2Risks changed
Since Dec 2023
Number of Risk Changed
2
+2
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 1
2
+2
From last report
S&P 500 Average: 1
See the risk highlights of Austin Gold Corp. in the last period.

Risk Word Cloud

The most common phrases about risk factors from the most recent report. Larger texts indicate more widely used phrases.

Risk Factors Full Breakdown - Total Risks 52

Finance & Corporate
Total Risks: 22/52 (42%)Above Sector Average
Share Price & Shareholder Rights11 | 21.2%
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 1
Certain of our directors and officers may have conflicts of interest.
Certain of the directors and officers of the Company also serve as directors and/or officers of other companies involved in natural resource exploration and development and consequently there exists the possibility for such directors and officers to be in a position of conflict. Any decision made by any of such directors and officers involving the Company must be made in accordance with their duties and obligations to deal fairly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and its shareholders.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 2
A limited number of our officers and directors own a majority of our Common Shares and exercise control over us.
As at the date of this Annual Report, officers and directors of the Company, including Dennis Higgs (President and Director), Darcy Higgs (VP Business Development), Joseph Ovsenek (Chairman and Director), Kenneth McNaughton (Director) and Robert Hatch (VP Exploration) hold, directly or indirectly, 6,650,668 Common Shares, approximately 50.11% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares, and are the Company's largest shareholder group. Each of these individuals serve as an officer and/or director of the Company, which may give rise to conflicts of interest. As a result, these persons have the ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to the shareholders of the Company for approval, which could include the election and removal of directors, amendments to the Company's corporate governing documents and business combinations. The Company's interests and those of these persons may at times conflict, and this conflict might be resolved against the Company's interests. The concentration of approximately 50.11% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares in the hands of these shareholders may discourage an unsolicited bid for the Common Shares, and this may adversely impact the value and trading price of the Common Shares.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 3
It may be difficult to enforce judgments or bring actions outside the United States against us and certain of our directors.
We are a Canadian corporation and certain of our officers and directors are neither citizens nor residents of the USA. A substantial part of the assets of several of these persons are located outside the USA. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for an investor: - to enforce in courts outside the U.S. judgments obtained in U.S. courts based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws against these persons and the Company; or - to bring in courts outside the U.S. an original action to enforce liabilities based upon U.S. federal securities laws against these persons and the Company.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 4
We are a foreign private issuer which exempts us from complying with certain reporting requirements.
The Company is considered a "foreign private issuer" and will report under the Exchange Act as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. This means that, as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including: - the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;- the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and - the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, or current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events. We may take advantage of these exemptions (or voluntarily comply with the requirements applicable to U.S. domestic public companies) until such time as we are no longer a foreign private issuer. We would cease to be a foreign private issuer at such time as more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are held by U.S. residents and any of the following three circumstances applies: (i) the majority of our executive officers or directors are U.S. citizens or residents; (ii) more than 50% of our assets are located in the USA; or (iii) our business is administered principally in the USA. If we fail to maintain our foreign private issuer status and decide, or are required, to register as a U.S. domestic issuer, the regulatory and compliance costs to us will be significantly more than the costs incurred as a foreign private issuer. In such event, we would not be eligible to use foreign issuer forms and would be required to file periodic and current reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are generally more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 5
We expect that we will be considered a smaller reporting company under the Exchange Act and will be exempt from certain disclosure requirements, which could make our Common Shares less attractive to potential investors.
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a "smaller reporting company" as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that: - had a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of shares of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates by the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of common equity, in the principal market for the common equity; or - in the case of an initial registration statement under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act, for shares of its common equity, had a public float of less than $250 million as of a date within 30 days of the date of the filing of the registration statement, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of such shares held by non-affiliates before the registration plus, in the case of a Securities Act registration statement, the number of such shares included in the registration statement by the estimated initial public offering price of the shares; or - in the case of an issuer whose public float as calculated under the previous two bullet points was zero or less than $700 million, had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available. We believe that we are a smaller reporting company, and as such that we will not be required and may not include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section in our proxy statements; we will provide only two years of financial statements; and we need not provide the table of selected financial data. We also will have other "scaled" disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies. These "scaled" disclosure requirements make our securities less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for our securityholders to sell their securities.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 6
Our Articles designate the Supreme Court of BC, Canada and the appellate Courts therefrom as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings, which could limit a shareholder's ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes arising with us.
Our Articles include a forum selection provision that indicates that the Courts shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for: (i)any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company,(ii)any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer of the Company to the Company,(iii)any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) or the Articles of the Company (as may be amended from time to time); or (iv)any action asserting a claim otherwise related to the relationships among the Company, its affiliates and their respective shareholders, directors and/or officers; provided however that (iv) does not include claims related to the business carried on by the Company or such affiliates. There is uncertainty as to whether the Courts or courts in other jurisdictions will enforce these forum selection clauses. The choice of forum provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes, which may discourage such lawsuits that might otherwise be to the benefit of shareholders. We interpret the forum selection clauses in our Articles to be limited to the specified actions and not to apply to any actions arising under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act, including any derivative actions brought under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act, and we will not seek to enforce the forum selection clause in relation to such actions. Section 27 of the Exchange Act provides that U.S. federal courts shall have jurisdiction over all suits and any action brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder and Section 22 of the Securities Act provides that U.S. federal and U.S. state courts shall have concurrent jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Articles to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 7
You may experience dilution as a result of future issuances of Common Shares.
The Company believes that it is adequately financed to carry out its exploration and evaluation plans in the near term. However, financing the development of a mining operation through to production, should feasibility studies show it is recommended, would be expensive and the Company would require additional capital to fund development and exploration programs and potential acquisitions. The Company cannot predict the size of future issuances of the Common Shares or the issuance of debt instruments or other securities convertible into Common Shares in connection with any such financing. Likewise, the Company cannot predict the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of the Company's securities will have on the market price of the Common Shares. If the Company raises additional funds by issuing additional equity securities, such financing may substantially dilute the interests of existing shareholders. Sales of substantial numbers of Common Shares, or the availability of such Common Shares for sale, could adversely affect prevailing market prices for the Company's securities and a securityholder's interest in the Company.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 8
We are an "emerging growth company," and cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Shares less attractive to investors.
We are an "emerging growth company," as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years: however, circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our Common Shares held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700,000,000, if we issue US$1,000,000,000 or more in non-convertible debt during a three-year period, or if our annual gross revenues exceed US$1,070,000,000. Absent the foregoing circumstances, we would cease to be an emerging growth company on the last day of the fiscal year following the date of the fifth anniversary of our first sale of common equity securities under an effective registration statement. Finally, at any time we may choose to opt-out of the emerging growth company reporting requirements. If we choose to opt out, we will be unable to opt back in to being an emerging growth company. We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Common Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Common Shares and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 9
Any future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our Common Shares upon our bankruptcy or liquidation may adversely affect the level of return you may be able to achieve from an investment in our Common Shares.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by offering debt securities or preferred stock. Upon a potential bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities or preferred stock, and lenders with respect to other borrowings we may make, may receive distributions of our available assets prior to any distributions being made to holders of our Common Shares. Because our decision to issue debt securities or preferred stock in any future offering, or borrow money from lenders, will depend in part on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any such future offerings or borrowings. Holders of our Common Shares must bear the risk that any future offerings we conduct or borrowings we make may adversely affect the level of return they may be able to achieve from an investment in our Common Shares, upon bankruptcy or otherwise.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 10
Our shares may not continue to be listed on the NYSE American LLC ("NYSE American")
Failure to meet the applicable maintenance requirements of the NYSE American could result in our shares being delisted from the NYSE American. If we are delisted from the NYSE American, our shares may be eligible for trading on an over-the-counter market in the U.S. In the event that we are not able to obtain a listing on another U.S. stock exchange or quotation service for our shares, it may be extremely difficult or impossible for shareholders to sell their shares in the U.S. Moreover, if we are delisted from the NYSE American, but obtain a substitute listing for our shares in the U.S., it may be on a market with less liquidity, and therefore potentially more price volatility, than the NYSE American. Shareholders may not be able to sell their shares on any such substitute U.S. market in the quantities, at the times, or at the prices that could potentially be available on a more liquid trading market. As a result of these factors, if our shares are delisted from the NYSE American, the price of our shares is likely to decline. In addition, a decline in the price of our shares will impair our ability to obtain financing in the future.
Share Price & Shareholder Rights - Risk 11
The market price of our Common Shares are subject to numerous risks.
We have a limited trading history and may be considered a micro-cap or small-cap company. Securities of micro-cap and small-cap companies have experienced substantial price and volume volatility in the past, often based on factors unrelated to the financial performance or prospects of the companies involved or the value of the underlying assets. These factors include macroeconomic developments and political environments in North America and globally and market perceptions of the attractiveness of particular industries. There is no assurance that the price of the Common Shares will be unaffected by any such volatility. The price of the Common Shares is also likely to be significantly affected by short-term changes in mineral and commodity prices or in the Company's financial condition and results of operations as reflected in its financial statements. Other factors unrelated to the Company's performance that may have an effect on the price of the Common Shares include the following: (i) the extent of analytical coverage available to investors concerning our business may be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not follow our securities; (ii) lessening in trading volume and general market interest in our securities may affect an investor's ability to trade significant numbers of Common Shares; (iii) the size of the Company's public float may limit the ability of some institutions to invest in our securities; (iv) a substantial decline in the price of the Common Shares that persists for a significant period of time could cause our securities, if listed on an exchange, to be delisted from such exchange, further reducing market liquidity; and (v) the sale of securities by major shareholders. As a result of any of these factors, the market price of the Common Shares at any given point in time may not accurately reflect the Company's long-term value and its shareholders may experience capital losses as a result of their investment in the Company. Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. The Company may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management's attention and resources.
Accounting & Financial Operations6 | 11.5%
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 1
We have no operating revenues and a history of losses.
The Company has no operating revenues or earnings and a history of losses, and no operating revenues are anticipated until one of the Company's projects comes into production, which may or may not occur. As such, there is no certainty that the Company will generate revenue from any source, operate profitably or provide a return on investment in the future. The Company will continue to experience losses unless and until it can successfully develop and begin profitable commercial production at one of its mining properties. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to do so.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 2
We have a limited operating history on which to base an evaluation of our business and prospects.
The Company is an exploration company and has no history of operations, mining or refining mineral products. The Company is subject to many risks common to such enterprises, including under-capitalization, cash shortages, limitations with respect to personnel, financial and other resources and lack of revenues. There is no assurance that the Company will be successful in achieving a return on an investment for investors in the Common Shares and the Company's likelihood of success must be considered in light of its early stage of operations. There can be no assurance that the Austin Gold Properties or any other property will be successfully placed into production and will produce minerals in commercial quantities or otherwise generate operating earnings. Advancing projects from the exploration stage into development and commercial production requires significant capital and time and will be subject to the successful completion of further technical studies, permitting requirements and the construction of mines, processing plants, roads and related works and infrastructure. The Company will continue to incur losses until mining-related operations successfully reach commercial production levels and generate sufficient revenue to fund continuing operations.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 3
We have never paid dividends on the Common Shares.
No dividends on the Common Shares have been paid by the Company to date. Investors in the Company's securities cannot expect to receive a dividend on their investment in the foreseeable future, if at all. Accordingly, it is unlikely that investors will receive any return on their investment in the Company's securities other than through possible common share price appreciation.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 4
As an emerging growth company, our auditor is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls.
Our independent auditors are not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting while we are an emerging growth company. This means that the effectiveness of our financial operations may differ from our peer companies in that they may be required to obtain independent registered public accounting firm attestations as to the effectiveness of their internal controls over financial reporting while we are not. While our management will be required to attest to internal controls over financial reporting and we will be required to detail changes to our internal controls on a quarterly basis, we cannot provide assurance that the independent registered public accounting firm's review process in assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, if obtained, would not find one or more material weaknesses or significant deficiencies. Further, once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will be subject to independent registered public accounting firm attestation regarding the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting unless our public float is less than $75 million. Even if management finds such controls to be effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may decline to attest to the effectiveness of such internal controls and issue a qualified report.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 5
When required, we may not be able to certify that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, which may negatively impact the market price of our Common Shares.
Internal controls over financial reporting are procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are properly authorized, assets are safeguarded against unauthorized or improper use, and transactions are properly recorded and reported. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance with respect to the reliability of financial reporting and financial statement preparation. Though the Company intends to put into place a system of internal controls appropriate for its size, and reflective of its level of operations, there are limited internal controls currently in place. The Company has a very limited history of operations and has not made any assessment as to the effectiveness of its internal controls. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner or assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting when required, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Common Shares could be negatively affected. We also could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which the securities are listed, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
Accounting & Financial Operations - Risk 6
Estimates of mineral resources and reserves are subject to evaluation uncertainties that could result in project failure.
The Company currently does not have any mineral resources or reserves. Mineral resource and reserve estimates will be based upon estimates made by the Company's personnel and independent geologists. These estimates are inherently subject to uncertainty and are based on geological interpretations and inferences drawn from drilling results and sampling analyses and may require revision based on further exploration or development work. The estimation of mineral resources and reserves may be materially affected by environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant issues. As a result of the foregoing, there may be material differences between actual and estimated mineral resources and reserves, which may impact the viability of the Company's projects and have a material impact on the Company. The grade of mineralization which may ultimately be mined may differ from that indicated by drilling results and such differences could be material. The quantity and resulting valuation of mineral reserves and mineral resources may also vary depending on, among other things, mineral prices (which may render mineral reserves and mineral resources uneconomic), cut-off grades applied and estimates of future operating costs (which may be inaccurate). Production can be affected by such factors as permitting regulations and requirements, weather, environmental factors, unforeseen technical difficulties, unusual or unexpected geological formations and work interruptions. Any material changes in quantity of mineral resources, mineral reserves, grade, or stripping ratio may also affect the economic viability of any project undertaken by the Company. In addition, there can be no assurance that mineral recoveries in small scale, and/or pilot laboratory tests will be duplicated in a larger scale test under on-site conditions or during production. To the extent that the Company is unable to mine and produce as expected and estimated, the Company's business may be materially and adversely affected. There is no certainty that any of the mineral resources identified on any of the Company's properties will be realized, that any mineral resources will ever be upgraded to mineral reserves, that any anticipated level of recovery of minerals will in fact be realized, or that an identified mineral reserve or mineral resource will ever qualify as a commercially mineable (or viable) deposit which can be legally and economically exploited. Until a deposit is actually mined and processed, the quantity of mineral resources and mineral reserves and grades must be considered as estimates only, and investors are cautioned that the Company may ultimately never realize production on any of its properties.
Debt & Financing2 | 3.8%
Debt & Financing - Risk 1
We will require significant additional capital to fund our business plan.
The Company plans to focus on exploring for minerals and will use its working capital to carry out such exploration. The Company has no source of operating cash flow and no assurance that acceptable additional funding will be available to it for the further exploration and development of its projects. The Company has incurred net losses in the past, may incur losses in the future, and will continue to incur losses until and unless it can derive sufficient revenues and earnings from its mineral projects. These conditions, including other factors described herein, could result in material uncertainty regarding the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. It is likely that the development and exploration of the Company's properties will require substantial additional financing. Further exploration and development of the Austin Gold Properties and/or other properties acquired by the Company may be dependent upon its ability to obtain acceptable financing through equity or debt, and there can be no assurance that it will be able to obtain adequate financing in the future or that the terms of such financing will be acceptable. Failure to obtain such additional financing could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of further exploration and development of the Company's projects and the Company may become unable to carry out its business objectives.
Debt & Financing - Risk 2
We may have liquidity risk due to our reliance on additional financing.
Liquidity risk arises through the excess of financial obligations due over available financial assets at any point in time. The Company's objective in managing liquidity risk will be to maintain sufficient readily available cash reserves and credit in order to meet its liquidity requirements at any point in time. As the Company does not currently have revenue and is not expected to have revenue in the foreseeable future, the Company will be reliant upon equity and debt financing to mitigate liquidity risk. The total cost and planned timing of acquisitions and/or other development or construction projects is not currently determinable, and it is not currently known precisely when the Company will require external financing in future periods. There is no guarantee that external financing will be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and the Company's inability to finance future development and acquisitions would have a material and adverse effect on the Company, its business and potential prospects.
Corporate Activity and Growth3 | 5.8%
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 1
Our relationship with the communities in which we operate impacts the future success of our operations.
Our relationship with the communities in which we operate is important to ensure the future success of our existing operations. While we believe our relationships with the communities in which we operate are strong, there is an increasing level of public concern relating to the perceived effect of mining activities on the environment and on communities impacted by such activities. Certain non-governmental organizations ("NGOs"), some of which oppose globalization and resource development, are often vocal critics of the mining industry and its practices. Adverse publicity generated by such NGOs or others related to extractive industries generally, or our operations specifically, could have an adverse effect on our reputation or financial condition and may impact our relationship with the communities in which we operate. While we believe that we operate in a socially responsible manner, there is no guarantee that our efforts in this respect will mitigate this potential risk.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 2
We are subject to risks regarding completing and integrating acquisitions.
From time to time, it can be expected that the Company will examine opportunities to acquire additional exploration and/or mining assets and businesses. Any acquisition that the Company may choose to complete may be of a significant size, will require significant attention by the Company's management team, may change the scale of the Company's business and operations, and may expose the Company to new geographic, political, operating, financial and geological risks. The Company's success in its acquisition activities depends upon its ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates, negotiate acceptable terms for any such acquisition, and integrate the acquired operations successfully with those of the Company. Any acquisitions would be accompanied by risks. In the event that the Company chooses to raise debt capital to finance any such acquisitions, the Company's leverage will be increased. If the Company chooses to use equity as consideration for such acquisitions, existing shareholders may suffer dilution. Alternatively, the Company may choose to finance any such acquisitions with its existing resources, which would result in the depletion of such resources. There can be no assurance that the Company would be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with such acquisitions, that the Company would be able to successfully integrate the acquired business into the Company's pre-existing business or that any such acquisition would not have a material and adverse effect on the Company.
Corporate Activity and Growth - Risk 3
We may enter into joint ventures and partnerships which will expose us to risks related to third-party performance under these agreements.
The Company may in the future enter into partnerships, option agreements and/or joint ventures as a means of acquiring additional property interests or to fully exploit the exploration and production potential of its assets. The failure of any partner to meet its obligations to the Company or other third parties, or any disputes with respect to third parties' respective rights and obligations, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's rights under such agreements. The Company may also be unable to exert direct influence over strategic decisions made in respect of properties that are subject to the terms of these agreements, which may have a materially adverse impact on the strategic value of the underlying mineral claims. Furthermore, in the event the Company is unable to meet its obligations or share of costs incurred under agreements to which it is a party, the Company may have its property interests subject to such agreements reduced as a result or face the termination of such agreements.
Legal & Regulatory
Total Risks: 10/52 (19%)Above Sector Average
Regulation4 | 7.7%
Regulation - Risk 1
We are subject to significant governmental regulations, which affect our operations and costs of conducting our business.
The Company's exploration operations are subject to government legislation, policies and controls relating to prospecting, development, production, environmental protection including sensitive plant and animal species such as the greater sage-grouse, preservation of antiquities and resources of cultural heritage, mining taxes and labor standards. In order for the Company to carry out its activities, its various licenses and permits must be obtained and kept current. There is no guarantee that the Company's licenses and permits will be granted, or that once granted will be maintained and extended. In addition, the terms and conditions of such licenses or permits could be changed and there can be no assurances that any application to renew any existing licenses will be approved. There can be no assurance that all permits that the Company requires will be obtainable on reasonable terms, or at all. Delays or a failure to obtain such permits, or a failure to comply with the terms of any such permits that the Company has obtained, could have a material adverse impact on the Company. The Company may be required to contribute to the cost of providing the required infrastructure to facilitate the development of its properties and will also have to obtain and comply with permits and licenses that may contain specific conditions concerning operating procedures, water use, waste disposal, spills, environmental studies, abandonment and restoration plans and financial assurances. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to comply with any such conditions and non-compliance with such conditions may result in the loss of certain of the Company's permits and licenses on properties, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company. Future taxation of mining operators cannot be predicted with certainty so planning must be undertaken using present conditions and best estimates of any potential future changes. There is no certainty that such planning will be effective to mitigate adverse consequences of future taxation on the Company.
Regulation - Risk 2
We are subject to risks regarding health and safety laws and regulations.
The Company's operations are subject to various health and safety laws and regulations that impose various duties on the Company in respect of its operations, relating to, among other things, worker safety and the surrounding communities. These laws and regulations also grant the relevant authorities broad powers to, among other things, close unsafe operations and order corrective action relating to health and safety matters. The costs associated with the compliance with such health and safety laws and regulations may be substantial and any amendments to such laws and regulations, or more stringent implementation thereof, could cause additional expenditure or impose restrictions on, or suspensions of, the Company's operations. The Company expects to make significant expenditures to comply with the extensive laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment, waste disposal, worker safety, mine development and protection of endangered and other special status species, and, to the extent reasonably practicable, to create social and economic benefit in the surrounding communities near the Company's mineral properties, but there can be no guarantee that these expenditures will ensure the Company's compliance with applicable laws and regulations and any non-compliance may have a material and adverse effect on the Company.
Regulation - Risk 3
We may not be able to obtain all required permits and licenses to place any of our properties into production.
Our current and future operations, including development activities and commencement of production, if warranted, require permits from governmental authorities and such operations are and will be governed by laws and regulations governing prospecting, development, mining, production, exports, taxes, labor standards, occupational health, waste disposal, toxic substances, land use, environmental protection, mine safety and other matters. Companies engaged in mineral property exploration and the development or operation of mines and related facilities generally experience increased costs, and delays in production and other schedules as a result of the need to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permits. We cannot predict if all permits which we may require for continued exploration, development or construction of mining facilities and conduct of mining operations will be obtainable on reasonable terms, if at all. Costs related to applying for and obtaining permits and licenses may be prohibitive and could delay our planned exploration and development activities. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions. Parties engaged in mining operations may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the mining activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations. Amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of mining companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on our operations and cause increases in capital expenditures or production costs or reduction in levels of production at producing properties or require abandonment or delays in development of new mining properties.
Regulation - Risk 4
Changed
Proposed legislation in the U.S. Congress, including changes in U.S. tax law such as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 may adversely impact us and the value of our Common Shares.
Changes to U.S. tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect us or holders of our Common Shares. In recent years, many changes to U.S. federal income tax laws have been proposed and made, and additional changes to U.S. federal income tax laws are likely to continue to occur in the future. The U.S. Congress is currently considering numerous items of legislation which may be enacted prospectively or with retroactive effect, which legislation could adversely impact our financial performance and the value of our Common Shares. Additionally, states in which we operate or own assets may impose new or increased taxes. If enacted, most of the proposals would be effective for the current or later years. The proposed legislation remains subject to change, and its impact on us and holders of our Common Shares is uncertain. In August 2022, U.S. President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act ("IRA") into law. The IRA includes provisions that impact the U.S. federal income taxation of corporations. Among other items, this legislation includes provisions that impose a minimum tax on the book income of certain large corporations and an excise tax on certain corporate stock repurchases that are imposed on the corporation purchasing such stock. We cannot predict how this legislation or any future changes in tax laws might affect us or holders of our Common Shares.
Litigation & Legal Liabilities1 | 1.9%
Litigation & Legal Liabilities - Risk 1
Our properties and operations may be subject to litigation or other claims.
The Company may become involved in disputes with other parties in the future which may result in litigation. The results of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty. If the Company is unable to resolve these disputes favorably, it may have a material adverse impact on the ability of the Company to carry out its business plan.
Taxation & Government Incentives1 | 1.9%
Taxation & Government Incentives - Risk 1
We may be a "passive foreign investment company" ("PFIC"), which may have adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences for U.S. investors.
We believe that we were classified as a PFIC for our most recently completed tax year, and based on current business plans and financial expectations, we expect that we may be a PFIC for our current tax year and subsequent tax years. If we are a PFIC for any year during a U.S. taxpayer's holding period of Common Shares, then such U.S. taxpayer generally will be required to treat any gain realized upon a disposition of the Common Shares or any so-called "excess distribution" received on its Common Shares as ordinary income, and to pay an interest charge on a portion of such gain or distribution. In certain circumstances, the sum of the tax and the interest charge may exceed the total amount of proceeds realized on the disposition, or the amount of excess distribution received, by the U.S. taxpayer. Subject to certain limitations, these tax consequences may be mitigated if a U.S. taxpayer makes a timely and effective QEF Election (as defined below) or a Mark-to-Market Election (as defined below). A U.S. taxpayer who makes a timely and effective QEF Election generally must report on a current basis its share of our net capital gain and ordinary earnings for any year in which we are a PFIC, whether or not we distribute any amounts to our shareholders. However, U.S. taxpayers should be aware that there can be no assurance that we will satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a qualified electing fund, or that we will supply U.S. taxpayers with information that such U.S. taxpayers require to report under the QEF Election rules, in the event that we are a PFIC and a U.S. taxpayer wishes to make a QEF Election. Thus, U.S. taxpayers may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to their Common Shares. A U.S. taxpayer who makes the Mark-to-Market Election generally must include as ordinary income each year the excess of the fair market value of the Common Shares over the taxpayer's basis therein. This paragraph is qualified in its entirety by the discussion below under the heading "Certain United States Federal Income Tax Considerations - Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules." Each potential investor who is a U.S. taxpayer should consult its own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of the PFIC rules and the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the Common Shares.
Environmental / Social4 | 7.7%
Environmental / Social - Risk 1
Added
We are or may become subject to data privacy laws, regulations, litigation and directives relating to our processing of personal information.
The jurisdictions in which we operate (including the United States) have laws governing how we must respond to a cyber incident that results in the unauthorized access, disclosure, or loss of personal information. Additionally, new laws and regulations governing data privacy and unauthorized disclosure of personal information and imposing certain cybersecurity-related requirements may provide for a private right of action and imposition of significant fines, pose increasingly complex compliance challenges. Some or all of such legislation will elevate our compliance costs over time. Our business involves collection, use, and other processing of personal information and personally identifiable information of our employees, investors, contractors, suppliers, and customer contacts. As legislation continues to develop and cyber incidents continue to evolve, we will likely be required to expend significant resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures to comply with such legislation and to detect, investigate and remediate vulnerabilities to cyber incidents that relate to data privacy. Any failure by us, or a company we acquire, to comply with such laws and regulations could result in reputational harm, loss of goodwill, penalties, liabilities, remediation costs, or mandated changes in our business practices. Each has the potential to materially impact our financial condition.
Environmental / Social - Risk 2
Regulations and pending legislation governing issues involving climate change could result in increased operating costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Climate change could have an adverse impact on the Company's operations. The potential physical impacts of climate change on the operations of the Company are highly uncertain and would be particular to the geographic circumstances in areas in which it operates. These may include changes in rainfall and storm patterns and intensities, water shortages, changing sea levels and changing temperatures. These changes in climate could have an impact on the cost of development or production on the Company's mines and adversely affect the financial performance of its operations. Regulations and pending legislation governing issues involving climate change could result in increased operating costs, which could have a material adverse effect on the business of the Company. A number of governments or governmental bodies have introduced or are contemplating regulatory changes in response to climate and its potential impacts. Legislation and increased regulation regarding climate change could impose significant costs on the Company, its venture partners and its suppliers, including costs related to increased energy requirements, capital equipment, environmental monitoring and reporting and other costs to comply with such regulations. Any adopted climate change regulations could also negatively impact the Company's ability to compete with companies situated in areas not subject to such regulations. Given the emotion, political significance and uncertainty around the impact of climate change and how it should be dealt with, the Company cannot predict how legislation and regulation will affect its financial condition, operating performance and ability to compete. Furthermore, even without such regulation, increased awareness and any adverse publicity in the global marketplace about potential impacts on climate change by the Company or other companies in the natural resources industry could harm the reputation of the Company.
Environmental / Social - Risk 3
Our activities are subject to environmental laws and regulations that may increase our costs of doing business and restrict our operations.
All phases of our operations are subject to environmental regulation in the jurisdictions in which we operate, certain of which regulations are set forth below. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner which may result in stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. These laws address emissions into the air, discharges into water, management of waste, management of hazardous substances, protection of natural resources, antiquities and endangered species and reclamation of lands disturbed by mining operations. The costs associated with compliance with such laws and regulations are substantial. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations and future changes in these laws and regulations may require significant capital outlays and may cause material changes or delays in our operations and future activities. It is possible that future laws, regulations, or more restrictive interpretations of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities could have a significant adverse impact on our properties or some portion of our business, causing us to re-evaluate those activities at that time. U.S. Federal Laws CERCLA, and comparable state statutes, impose strict, joint and several liabilities on current and former owners and operators of sites and on persons who disposed of or arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances found at such sites. It is not uncommon for the government to file claims requiring cleanup actions, for reimbursement for government-incurred cleanup costs, or for natural resource damages, or for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by hazardous substances released into the environment. RCRA, and comparable state statutes, govern the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste and authorize the imposition of substantial fines and penalties for noncompliance, as well as requirements for corrective actions. CERCLA, RCRA and comparable state statutes can impose liability for clean-up of sites and disposal of substances found on exploration, mining and processing sites long after activities on such sites have been completed. CAA, as amended, restricts the emission of air pollutants from many sources, including mining and processing activities. Our mining operations may produce air emissions, including fugitive dust and other air pollutants from stationary equipment, storage facilities and the use of mobile sources such as trucks and heavy construction equipment, which are subject to review, monitoring and/or control requirements under the CAA and state air quality laws. New facilities may be required to obtain permits before work can begin, and existing facilities may be required to incur capital costs in order to remain in compliance. In addition, permitting rules may impose limitations on our production levels or result in additional capital expenditures in order to comply with the rules. NEPA requires federal agencies to integrate environmental considerations into their decision-making processes by evaluating the environmental impacts of their proposed actions. If a proposed action could significantly affect the environment, the agency must prepare a detailed statement known as an EIS, which in addition to assessing environmental impacts, it must also analyze cumulative impacts and alternatives to the proposed actions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), other federal agencies, and any interested third parties will review and comment on the scoping of the Environmental Impact Statement ("EIS") and the adequacy of and findings set forth in the draft and final EIS. This process can cause delays in the issuance of required permits or result in changes to a project to mitigate its potential environmental impacts, which can in turn impact the economic feasibility of a proposed project. NEPA only applies to activities on public lands managed by a public land management agency like the BLM. It does not apply to projects on state- or privately-held land, but some states have comparable state statutes with analogous risk. CWA, and comparable state statutes, impose restrictions and controls on the discharge of pollutants into waters of the USA. The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the EPA or an analogous state agency. The CWA regulates storm water from mining facilities and requires a storm water discharge permit for certain activities. Such permits require the regulated facility to monitor and sample storm water run-off from its operations. The CWA and regulations implemented thereunder also prohibit discharges of dredged and fill materials in wetlands and other waters of the U.S. unless authorized by an appropriately issued permit. The CWA and comparable state statutes provide for civil, criminal and administrative penalties for unauthorized discharges of pollutants and impose liability on parties responsible for those discharges for the costs of cleaning up any environmental damage caused by the release and for natural resource damages resulting from the release. SDWA and the Underground Injection Control ("UIC") program promulgated thereunder, regulate the drilling and operation of subsurface injection wells. The EPA directly administers the UIC program in some states and in others the responsibility for the program has been delegated to the state. The program requires that a permit be obtained before drilling a disposal or injection well. Violation of these regulations and/or contamination of groundwater by mining-related activities may result in fines, penalties, and remediation costs, among other sanctions and liabilities under the SDWA and state laws. In addition, third party claims may be filed by landowners and other parties claiming damages for alternative water supplies, property damages and bodily injury. ESA requires federal agencies to consider the conservation of threatened or endangered plant and/or animal species and the impacts to those habitats in which they are found in their decision-making processes. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and/or the NOAA Fisheries Service, and comparable state agencies, are responsible to ensure that the actions they authorize, fund, or carry out are not likely to adversely impact the continued existence of any listed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of critical habitats required for species survival. The National Historic Preservation Act protects the presence of historical or archeological sites on public lands as important public resources. It obliges federal land management agencies to preserve the historic, scientific, commemorative, and cultural values of the archaeological and historic sites and structures on these lands for present and future generations. The law requires that cultural resource surveys be completed on all land prior to disturbance by project activities. Where cultural resources are identified, such resources must be catalogued, and the data adequately recorded by qualified personnel prior to land disturbance. Significant cultural resource finds may require complete avoidance or systematic data recovery and relocation programs. Nevada State Laws: At the state level, mining operations in Nevada are primarily regulated by the Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection. Bureaus within this Division require mine operators to hold valid Air, Water Pollution Control, and Reclamation Permits, which dictate operating controls and closure and post-closure requirements directed at protecting air, water, and land. We must also post financial assurances to assure the reclamation of significant land disturbances. Other Nevada regulations govern operating and design standards for the construction and operation of any source of air contamination and landfill operations. Any changes to these laws and regulations could have an adverse impact on our financial performance and results of operations by, for example, requiring changes to operating constraints, technical criteria, fees or surety requirements. Oregon State Laws: The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries ("DOGAMI") is the Lead Facilitating Agency for mine permitting and provides coordination, accountability, and mediates any disagreements between other involved agencies. These other agencies include Oregon Department of Environmental Quality ("DEQ"), Oregon Water Resources Department ("WRD"), Oregon Department of State Lands ("DSL"), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife ("ODFW"), Oregon Department of Agriculture ("ODA"), Oregon State Historic Preservation Office ("SHPO") and Oregon Department of Land and Conservation Development ("DLCD"). Malheur County, within which the Stockade Mountain Project is located, may also require development and operating permits. These agencies dictate operating controls and closure and post-closure requirements directed at protecting air, water, and land. Financial assurances to guarantee the reclamation of land disturbances must also be posted prior to initiating exploration, development, and production operations. Any changes to these laws and regulations could have an adverse impact on our financial performance and results of operations by, for example, requiring changes to operating constraints, technical criteria, fees or surety requirements.
Environmental / Social - Risk 4
We are subject to potential environmental risks and hazards which could adversely impact our operations.
The mining and mineral processing industries are subject to extensive governmental regulations for the protection of the environment, including regulations relating to air and water quality, mine reclamation, solid and hazardous waste handling and disposal and the promotion of occupational health and safety, which may adversely affect the Company or require it to expend significant funds in order to comply with such regulations. There is also a risk that environmental and other laws and regulations may become more onerous, making it more costly for the Company to remain in compliance with such laws and regulations, which could result in the incurrence of additional costs and operational delays or the failure of the Company's business. All phases of the Company's operations in Nevada, USA and Oregon, USA will be subject to extensive federal environmental regulation, and to the state regulatory programs to which these federal requirements may have been delegated through state statutes, which may include: - Comprehensive Environmental, Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ("CERCLA");- The Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ("RCRA");- The Clean Air Act ("CAA");- The National Environmental Policy Act ("NEPA");- The Clean Water Act ("CWA");- The Safe Drinking Water Act ("SDWA");- The Endangered Species Act ("ESA"); and - The National Historic Preservation Act. These environmental regulations require the Company to obtain various operating approvals and licenses and also impose standards and controls relating to exploration, development and production activities. Mining projects are required to prepare and receive Federal and State approval of a reclamation plan and provide financial assurance to ensure that the reclamation plan is implemented upon completion of operations. Compliance with federal and state regulations could result in delays in beginning or expanding operations, incurring additional costs for cleanup of hazardous substances, payment of penalties for discharge of pollutants, and post-mining reclamation and bonding, all of which could have an adverse impact on the Company's financial performance and results of operations. There is no assurance that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect the Company's operations. Environmental hazards may exist on the properties on which the Company holds interests which are unknown to the Company at present and which have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators of the properties, and which may result in the payment of fines and clean-up costs by the Company and may adversely affect the Company's operations. The Company cannot give any assurances that breaches of environmental laws (whether inadvertent or not) or environmental pollution will not materially and adversely affect its financial condition. There is no assurance that any future changes to environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect the Company.
Production
Total Risks: 10/52 (19%)Below Sector Average
Manufacturing4 | 7.7%
Manufacturing - Risk 1
Mining exploration, development and operating have inherent risks.
Mining operations generally involve a high degree of risk. The Company's operations are subject to all the hazards and risks normally encountered in the exploration, development and production of gold and other minerals, including unusual and unexpected geologic formations, seismic activity, rock bursts, cave-ins, flooding and other conditions involved in the drilling and removal of material, any of which could result in damage to, or destruction of, mines and other production facilities, damage to life or property, environmental damage and possible legal liability. The financing, exploration, development and mining of any of the Company's properties is furthermore subject to a number of macroeconomic, legal and social factors, including commodity prices, laws and regulations, political conditions, currency fluctuations, the ability to hire and retain qualified people, the inability to obtain suitable and adequate machinery, equipment or labor and obtaining necessary services in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Unfavorable changes to these and other factors have the potential to negatively affect the Company's operations and business. Major expenses may be required to locate and establish mineral reserves and resources, to develop metallurgical processes and to construct mining and processing facilities at a particular site. Mining, processing, development and exploration activities depend, to one degree or another, on adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources and water supply are important determinants, which affect capital and operating costs. Unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure could adversely affect the Company's operations, financial condition and results of operations. It is impossible to ensure that the exploration or development programs planned by the Company will result in a profitable commercial mining operation. Whether a gold or other precious or base metal or mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, some of which are: the particular attributes of the deposit, such as the quantity and quality of mineralization and proximity to infrastructure; mineral prices, which are highly cyclical; and government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting minerals and environmental protection. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in the Company not receiving an adequate return on invested capital. There is no certainty that the expenditures to be made by the Company towards the exploration and evaluation of gold or other minerals will result in discoveries or production of commercial quantities of gold or other minerals. In addition, once in production, mineral reserves are finite and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to locate additional reserves as its existing reserves are depleted.
Manufacturing - Risk 2
A shortage of equipment and supplies could adversely affect our ability to operate our business.
We are dependent on various supplies and equipment to carry out our mining exploration and, if warranted, development operations. The shortage of such supplies, equipment and parts could have a material adverse effect on our ability to carry out our operations and therefore limit, or increase the cost of, production.
Manufacturing - Risk 3
We have no history of mineral production.
There is no history of mineral production on the Austin Gold Properties. The Austin Gold Properties are a high risk, speculative venture, and only a minimal amount of exploration and sampling has been conducted on the properties by the Company. There is no certainty that the expenditures proposed to be made by the Company towards the search for and evaluation of gold or other minerals with regard to the Austin Gold Properties or otherwise will result in discoveries of commercial quantities of gold or other minerals. Furthermore, there is no assurance that commercial quantities of minerals will be discovered at any properties acquired in the future by the Company, nor is there any assurance that any future exploration programs of the Company on the Austin Gold Properties or any other properties will yield any positive results. Even where commercial quantities of minerals are discovered, there can be no assurance that any property of the Company will ever be brought to a stage where mineral resources can be identified and mineral reserves can be profitably produced. Factors which may limit the ability of the Company to produce mineral reserves from its properties include, but are not limited to, the price of mineral resources, the availability of additional capital and financing and the nature of any mineral deposits.
Manufacturing - Risk 4
Our properties are in the exploration stage.
We have not established that our properties contain any mineral reserve according to recognized reserve guidelines, nor can there be any assurance that we will be able to do so. A mineral reserve is defined by the SEC in Regulation S-K 1300 (defined below) as that part of a mineral deposit, which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination. The probability of an individual prospect ever having a "reserve" that meets the requirements of Regulation S-K 1300 is extremely remote; in all probability our mineral properties do not contain any "reserves" and any funds that we spend on exploration could be lost. Even if we do eventually discover mineral reserves on our properties, there can be no assurance that they can be developed into producing mines to extract those minerals. Both mineral exploration and development involve a high degree of risk and few mineral properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. The commercial viability of an established mineral deposit will depend on a number of factors including, by way of example, the size, grade and other attributes of the mineral deposit, the proximity of the mineral deposit to infrastructure such as a smelter, roads and a point for shipping, government regulation and market prices. Most of these factors will be beyond our control, and any of them could increase costs and make extraction of any identified mineral deposit unprofitable.
Employment / Personnel2 | 3.8%
Employment / Personnel - Risk 1
We may experience difficulty attracting and retaining qualified management to meet the needs of our anticipated growth, and the failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
The hiring and retention of qualified personnel in the mining industry is highly competitive. We may experience difficulty in competing with more established and better financed companies in retaining our current management or hiring new personnel to meet our business and financial requirements. If we are unable to hire or retain necessary personnel, it could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Employment / Personnel - Risk 2
We are reliant on certain key personnel.
The Company's development will depend on the efforts of key management and other key personnel, including Joseph Ovsenek (Chairman and Director), Dennis Higgs (President and Director), Robert Hatch (VP Exploration), Darcy Higgs (VP Business Development) and Grant Bond (CFO). The loss of any of these people, particularly to competitors, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. Further, with respect to the future development of the Company's projects, it may become necessary to attract both international and local personnel for such development. The marketplace for key skilled personnel is becoming more competitive, which means the cost of hiring, training, and retaining such personnel may increase. Factors outside the Company's control, including competition for human capital and the high level of technical expertise and experience required to execute this development, will affect the Company's ability to employ the specific personnel required. Due to the relatively small size of the Company, the failure to retain or attract a sufficient number of key skilled personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of future operations and financial condition. Moreover, the Company does not intend to take out ‘key person' insurance in respect of any directors, officers or other employees.
Costs4 | 7.7%
Costs - Risk 1
There may be risks and uncertainties related to title to land we own or lease and royalty interests on such land.
General There are uncertainties as to title matters in the mining industry. Any defects in title could cause the Company to lose rights in its mineral properties and jeopardize its business operations. The Company's mineral properties currently consist primarily of unpatented lode mining claims located on lands administered by the BLM, the Nevada State Office and the Oregon State Office to which the Company only has possessory title of the mineral rights. At the Kelly Creek Project, where the Company is earning a joint venture interest, a significant portion of the property is leased private ranch lands on which both surface and mineral rights are controlled by the ranch. Because title to unpatented mining claims is subject to inherent uncertainties, it is difficult to determine conclusively the ownership of such claims. These uncertainties relate to such things as sufficiency of mineral discovery, proper location and posting and marking of boundaries, proper and timely payment of annual BLM claim maintenance fees, the existence and terms of royalties, and possible conflicts with other claims not determinable from descriptions of record. The present status of the Company's unpatented mining claims located on public lands allows the Company the right to mine and remove valuable minerals, such as precious and base metals, from the claims conditioned upon applicable environmental reviews and permitting programs. Subject to the permitting process, the Company is also allowed to use the surface of the land solely for purposes related to mining and processing the mineral-bearing ores. However, legal ownership of the land remains with the USA. The Company remains at risk that the mining claims may be forfeited either to the U.S. or to rival private claimants due to failure to comply with statutory requirements. Prior to 1993, a mining claim locator who was able to prove the discovery of valuable, locatable minerals on a mining claim, and to meet all other applicable federal and state requirements and procedures pertaining to the location and maintenance of federal unpatented mining claims, had the right to prosecute a patent application to secure fee title to the mining claim from the federal government. The right to pursue a patent, however, has been subject to a moratorium since October 1993, through federal legislation restricting the BLM from accepting any new mineral patent applications. If the Company does not obtain fee title to its unpatented mining claims, there can be no assurance that it will be able to obtain compensation in connection with the forfeiture of such claims. Pending Federal Legislation that may affect the Company's Operations In recent years, members of the U.S. Congress have repeatedly introduced bills which would supplant or alter the provisions of the General Mining Act of 1872, a U.S. federal law that authorizes and governs prospecting and mining for economic minerals, such as gold, platinum, and silver, on federally administered public lands. Such bills have proposed, among other things, to either eliminate the right to a mineral patent, impose a federal royalty on production from unpatented mining claims, render certain federal lands unavailable for the location of unpatented mining claims, afford greater public involvement in the mine permitting process, provide for citizen suits, and impose new and stringent environmental operating standards and mined land reclamation requirements in addition to those already in effect. Such proposed legislation could change the cost of holding unpatented mining claims and could significantly impact the Company's ability to develop mineralized material on unpatented mining claims. Currently, most of the Company's mining claims are unpatented lode mining claims. Although the Company cannot predict what legislative changes might occur, the enactment of these proposed bills could adversely affect the potential for development of its mining claims, the economics of any mines that it brings into operation on federal unpatented mining claims, and as a result, adversely affect the Company's financial performance. Title to Mineral Property Interests may be Challenged There may be challenges to title of the mineral properties in which the Company holds a material interest. If there are title defects with respect to any properties, the Company might be required to compensate other persons or to reduce its interest in the affected property. Furthermore, in any such case, the investigation and resolution of these issues would divert time of the Company's management team from ongoing exploration and development programs. Title insurance generally is not available for mining claims in the U.S. and the Company's ability to ensure that it has obtained secure claim to individual mineral properties may be limited. Austin Gold Properties may be subject to prior unregistered liens, agreements, transfers, or claims, including native land claims and title may be affected by, among other things, undetected defects. In addition, the Company may be unable to operate the properties as permitted or to enforce its rights with respect to its properties. The failure to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including a failure to pay taxes or annual BLM claim maintenance fees, may invalidate title to portions or all of the Austin Gold Properties. The Company may incur significant costs related to defending the title to its properties. A successful claim contesting title to a property may cause the Company to compensate other persons, or to reduce its interest in the affected property or to lose its rights to explore and, if warranted, develop that property. This could result in the Company not being compensated for its prior expenditures relating to the property. Also, in any such case, the investigation and resolution of title issues would divert management's time from ongoing exploration and, if warranted, development programs. Mineral Properties may be Subject to Defects in Title The ownership and validity or title of unpatented mining claims and concessions can at times be uncertain and may be contested. The Company also may not have, or may not be able to obtain, all necessary surface rights to develop a property. The Company has taken reasonable measures, in accordance with industry standards for properties at the same stage of exploration as those of the Company, to ensure proper title to the Austin Gold Properties. However, there is no guarantee that title to any of its properties will not be challenged or impugned. Interpretation of Royalty Agreements; Unfulfilled Contractual Obligations Royalty interests in Austin Gold Properties, and any other royalty interests in respect of the properties of the Company which may come into existence, may be subject to uncertainties and complexities arising from the application of contract and property laws in the jurisdictions where the mining projects are located. Operators and other parties to the agreements governing royalty interests in Austin Gold Properties may interpret their interests in a manner adverse to the Company, and the Company could be forced to take legal action to enforce its rights. Challenges to the terms of such royalty interests or the existence of other royalties could have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition of the Company. Disputes could arise with respect to, among other things: - the existence or geographic extent of the royalty interests;- the methods for calculating royalties;- third party claims to the same royalty interest or to the property on which a royalty interest exists, or the existence of additional royalties on the same property;- various rights of the operator or third parties in or to a royalty interest;- production and other thresholds and caps applicable to payments of royalty interests;- the obligation of an operator to make payments on royalty interests;- various defects or ambiguities in the agreement governing a royalty interest; and - disputes over the interpretation of buy-back rights. Natural Resource Properties are Largely Contractual in Nature Parties to contracts do not always honor contractual terms and contracts themselves may be subject to interpretation or technical defects. Accordingly, there may be instances where the Company would be forced to take legal action to enforce its contractual rights. Such litigation may be time-consuming and costly and there is no guarantee of success. Any pending proceedings or actions or any decisions determined adversely to the Company may have a material and adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial condition and the trading price of the Common Shares.
Costs - Risk 2
Land reclamation requirements for our properties may be burdensome and expensive.
Although variable depending on location and the governing authority, land reclamation requirements are generally imposed on mineral exploration companies (as well as companies with mining operations) in order to minimize long term effects of land disturbance. Reclamation may include requirements to: - control dispersion of potentially deleterious effluents;- treat ground and surface water to pre-established standards; and - reasonably re-establish pre-disturbance land forms and vegetation. In order to carry out reclamation obligations imposed on us in connection with our potential development activities, we must allocate financial resources that might otherwise be spent on further exploration and development programs. We plan to set up a provision for our reclamation obligations on our properties, as appropriate, but this provision may not be adequate. If we are required to carry out unanticipated reclamation work, our financial position could be adversely affected.
Costs - Risk 3
We do not currently insure against all the risks and hazards of mineral exploration, development and mining operations.
The Company's business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including adverse environmental conditions, industrial accidents, labor disputes, unusual or unexpected geological conditions, ground or slope failures, cave-ins, changes in the regulatory environment, natural phenomena such as inclement weather conditions, floods and earthquakes. Such occurrences could result in damage to mineral properties or production facilities, personal injury or death, environmental damage to the Company's properties or the properties of others, delays in the ability to undertake exploration, monetary losses and possible legal liability. Although the Company may maintain insurance to protect against certain risks in such amounts as it considers to be reasonable, its insurance will not cover all the potential risks associated with its operations. The Company may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage may not continue to be available or may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards as a result of exploration and production is not generally available to the Company or to other companies in the mining industry on acceptable terms. The Company might also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards which it may not be insured against or which the Company may elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events may cause the Company to incur significant costs that could have a material adverse effect upon its financial performance and results of operations.
Costs - Risk 4
Increased costs could affect our financial condition.
We anticipate that costs at our projects and properties that we may explore or develop will frequently be subject to variation from one year to the next due to a number of factors, such as changing grade, metallurgy and revisions to mine plans, if any, in response to the physical shape and location of an identified ore body. In addition, costs are affected by the price of commodities such as fuel, steel, rubber, and electricity. Such commodities are at times subject to volatile price movements, including increases that could make production at certain operations less profitable. A material increase in costs at any significant location could have a significant effect on our profitability.
Macro & Political
Total Risks: 5/52 (10%)Below Sector Average
Economy & Political Environment1 | 1.9%
Economy & Political Environment - Risk 1
Our business is affected by the global economy.
Recent global financial conditions have been characterized by increased volatility and access to public financing, particularly for junior mineral exploration companies, has been negatively impacted. These conditions, which include potential disruptions due to a U.S. Government shutdown, may affect the Company's ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the future on terms favorable to the Company or at all. If such conditions continue, the Company's operations could be negatively impacted.
International Operations1 | 1.9%
International Operations - Risk 1
There is uncertainty as a result of international conflicts
International conflict and other geopolitical tensions and events, including war, military action, terrorism, trade disputes and international responses thereto have historically led to, and may in the future lead to, uncertainty or volatility in global commodity and financial markets and supply chains. The outbreak of hostilities in Ukraine and Israel, and the accompanying international response including economic sanctions, has been extremely disruptive to the world economy, with increased volatility in commodity markets, and international trade and financial markets, all of which have a trickle-down effect on supply chains, equipment and construction. There is substantial uncertainty about the extent to which these conflicts will continue to impact economic and financial affairs, as the numerous issues arising from the conflicts are in flux and there is the potential for escalation of the conflicts Europe, the Middle East and globally. There is a risk of substantial market and financial turmoil arising from the conflicts which could have a material adverse effect on the economics of the Company's projects, and the Company's ability to operate its business and advance project development.
Capital Markets3 | 5.8%
Capital Markets - Risk 1
We are subject to currency rate risk related to our reporting currency.
The Company may be subject to currency rate risk. The Company's reporting currency is the USD, which is exposed to fluctuations against other currencies. The Company's properties are located in the USA with corporate operations in Canada. Should the Company expand its operations into other countries, its expenditures and obligations may be incurred in foreign currencies. As such, the Company's results of operations may become subject to foreign currency fluctuation risks and such fluctuations may adversely affect the financial position and operating results of the Company. At this time, the Company has not implemented measures to mitigate transactional volatility in the CAD. The Company may, however, enter into foreign currency forward contracts in order to match or partially offset existing currency exposures.
Capital Markets - Risk 2
We are subject to risks regarding market fluctuations and commercial quantities.
The market for minerals is influenced by many factors beyond the Company's control, including without limitation the supply and demand for minerals, the sale or purchase of precious metals by various dealers, central banks and financial institutions, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation or deflation, currency exchange fluctuation, global and regional supply and demand, production and consumption patterns, speculative activities, increased production due to improved mining and production methods, government regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use and importing and exporting of minerals, environmental protection, and international political and economic trends, conditions and events. In addition, the metals industry in general is intensely competitive and there is no assurance that, even if apparently commercial quantities and qualities of metals (such as gold) are discovered, a market will exist for their profitable sale. Commercial viability of precious and base metals and other mineral deposits may be affected by other factors that are beyond the Company's control, including the particular attributes of the deposit such as its size, quantity and quality, the cost of mining and processing, proximity to infrastructure, the availability of transportation and sources of energy, financing, government legislation and regulations including those relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, import and export restrictions, exchange controls, restrictions on production, and environmental protection. It is impossible to assess with certainty the impact of various factors that may affect commercial viability such that any adverse combination of such factors may result in the Company not receiving an adequate return on invested capital or having its mineral projects be rendered uneconomic.
Capital Markets - Risk 3
Our financial results and access to capital may depend on commodity markets.
The price of the Company's securities, its financial results, and its access to the capital required to finance its exploration activities may in the future be adversely affected by declines in the price of precious and base metals and, in particular, the price of gold. Precious metal prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company's control such as the sale or purchase of precious metals by various dealers, central banks and financial institutions, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation or deflation, currency exchange fluctuation, global and regional supply and demand, production and consumption patterns, speculative activities, increased production due to improved mining and production methods, government regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use and importing and exporting of minerals, environmental protection, and international political and economic trends, conditions and events. If these or other factors continue to adversely affect the price of gold, the market price of the Company's securities may decline and the Company's operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Tech & Innovation
Total Risks: 4/52 (8%)Below Sector Average
Innovation / R&D2 | 3.8%
Innovation / R&D - Risk 1
Our reliance on a limited number of properties presents development risks.
The Austin Gold Properties include the Kelly Creek Project and the Lone Mountain Project located in Nevada, USA and the Stockade Mountain Project located in Malheur County, Oregon, USA. As a result, unless the Company acquires additional property interests, any adverse developments affecting these properties would have a material adverse effect upon the Company and would materially affect any potential mineral production, profitability, financial performance and results of operations of the Company. While the Company may seek to acquire additional mineral properties in accordance with its business objectives, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to identify suitable additional mineral properties or, if it does identify suitable properties, that it will have sufficient financial resources to acquire such properties or that such properties will be available on terms acceptable to the Company or at all and that the Company will be able to successfully develop such properties and bring such properties into commercial production.
Innovation / R&D - Risk 2
We are an early-stage development company which presents additional risks to our success.
The Company is a junior resource company focused primarily on the acquisition, exploration and evaluation of mineral properties located in Nevada, USA and Oregon, USA. The Company's properties have no established mineral reserves due to the early stage of exploration at this time. Any reference to potential quantities and/or grade is conceptual in nature, as there has been insufficient exploration to define any mineral resource and it is uncertain if further exploration will result in the determination of any mineral resource. Quantities and/or grade described in this Annual Report should not be interpreted as assurances of a potential mineral resource or mineral reserve, or of potential future mine life or of the profitability of future operations. The exploration and development of mineral deposits involves a high degree of financial risk over a significant period of time. Few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines and there is no assurance that any of the Company's projects can be mined profitably. Substantial expenditures are required to establish mineral resources and reserves through drilling, to develop metallurgical processes to extract the metal from the ore and in the case of new properties, to develop the mining and processing facilities and infrastructure at any site chosen for mining. It is impossible to ensure that the current exploration and development programs of the Company will result in profitable commercial mining operations. The profitability of the Company's operations will be, in part, directly related to the cost and success of its exploration and development programs, which may be affected by a number of factors. Substantial expenditures are required to establish mineral resources and reserves that are sufficient to support commercial mining operations and to construct, complete and install mining and processing facilities on those properties that are actually developed. No assurance can be given that any particular level of recovery of minerals will be realized or that any potential quantities and/or grade will ever qualify as a mineral resource or reserve, or that any such mineral resource or reserve will ever qualify as a commercially mineable (or viable) deposit which can be legally and economically exploited. Where expenditures on a property have not led to the discovery of mineral resources or reserves, incurred expenditures will generally not be recoverable.
Trade Secrets1 | 1.9%
Trade Secrets - Risk 1
We may be unable to secure surface access or purchase required surface rights.
Although the Company acquires the rights to some or all of the minerals in the ground subject to the mineral tenures that it acquires, or has a right to acquire, in most cases it does not thereby acquire any rights to, or ownership of, the surface to the areas covered by such mineral tenures. In such cases, applicable mining laws usually provide for rights of access to the surface for the purpose of carrying on mining activities, however, the enforcement of such rights through the courts can be costly and time consuming. It is necessary to negotiate surface access or to purchase the surface rights if long-term access is required. There can be no guarantee that, despite having the right at law to access the surface and carry on mining activities, we will be able to negotiate satisfactory agreements with any such existing landowners/occupiers for such access or purchase of such surface rights, and therefore we may be unable to carry out planned mining activities. In addition, in circumstances where such access is denied, or no agreement can be reached, we may need to rely on the assistance of local officials or the courts in such jurisdiction, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with any certainty. Our inability to secure surface access or purchase required surface rights could materially and adversely affect our timing, cost or overall ability to develop any mineral deposits we may locate.
Technology1 | 1.9%
Technology - Risk 1
Changed
We are dependent upon information technology ("IT") systems, which are subject to disruption, damage, failure and risks associated with implementation and integration. A cybersecurity breach could occur and result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption, disclosure of business sensitive, confidential or personally identifiable information, misdirected wire transfers, reputational harm, and financial loss.
The Company is dependent upon IT systems in the conduct of our operations including systems and networks which are provided and maintained by third-party contractors. Our IT systems are subject to disruption, damage or failure from a variety of sources, including, without limitation, computer viruses, security breaches, cyber-attacks, natural disasters and defects in design. Cybersecurity incidents, in particular, are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and the corruption of data. Various measures have been implemented to manage our risks related to IT systems and network disruptions. However, given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of IT disruptions, we could potentially be subject to operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems and networks or financial losses from remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, competitive position, financial condition or results of operations.
Ability to Sell
Total Risks: 1/52 (2%)Below Sector Average
Competition1 | 1.9%
Competition - Risk 1
We face intense competition in the mining industry.
The mining industry is highly competitive in all its phases, both domestically and internationally. The Company's ability to acquire properties and develop mineral resources and reserves in the future will depend not only on its ability to develop its present properties, but also on its ability to select and acquire suitable producing properties or prospects for mineral exploration, of which there is a limited supply. The Company may be at a competitive disadvantage in acquiring additional mining properties because it must compete with other individuals and companies, many of which have greater financial resources, operational experience, and technical capabilities than the Company. The Company may also encounter competition from other mining companies in its efforts to hire experienced mining professionals. Competition could adversely affect the Company's ability to attract necessary funding or acquire suitable producing properties or prospects for mineral exploration in the future. Competition for services and equipment could result in delays if such services or equipment cannot be obtained in a timely manner due to inadequate availability and could also cause scheduling difficulties and cost increases due to the need to coordinate the availability of services or equipment. Any of the foregoing effects of competition could materially increase project development, exploration, or construction costs, result in project delays and generally and adversely affect the Company and its business and prospects.
See a full breakdown of risk according to category and subcategory. The list starts with the category with the most risk. Click on subcategories to read relevant extracts from the most recent report.

FAQ

What are “Risk Factors”?
Risk factors are any situations or occurrences that could make investing in a company risky.
    The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that publicly traded companies disclose their most significant risk factors. This is so that potential investors can consider any risks before they make an investment.
      They also offer companies protection, as a company can use risk factors as liability protection. This could happen if a company underperforms and investors take legal action as a result.
        It is worth noting that smaller companies, that is those with a public float of under $75 million on the last business day, do not have to include risk factors in their 10-K and 10-Q forms, although some may choose to do so.
          How do companies disclose their risk factors?
          Publicly traded companies initially disclose their risk factors to the SEC through their S-1 filings as part of the IPO process.
            Additionally, companies must provide a complete list of risk factors in their Annual Reports (Form 10-K) or (Form 20-F) for “foreign private issuers”.
              Quarterly Reports also include a section on risk factors (Form 10-Q) where companies are only required to update any changes since the previous report.
                According to the SEC, risk factors should be reported concisely, logically and in “plain English” so investors can understand them.
                  How can I use TipRanks risk factors in my stock research?
                  Use the Risk Factors tab to get data about the risk factors of any company in which you are considering investing.
                    You can easily see the most significant risks a company is facing. Additionally, you can find out which risk factors a company has added, removed or adjusted since its previous disclosure. You can also see how a company’s risk factors compare to others in its sector.
                      Without reading company reports or participating in conference calls, you would most likely not have access to this sort of information, which is usually not included in press releases or other public announcements.
                        A simplified analysis of risk factors is unique to TipRanks.
                          What are all the risk factor categories?
                          TipRanks has identified 6 major categories of risk factors and a number of subcategories for each. You can see how these categories are broken down in the list below.
                          1. Financial & Corporate
                          • Accounting & Financial Operations - risks related to accounting loss, value of intangible assets, financial statements, value of intangible assets, financial reporting, estimates, guidance, company profitability, dividends, fluctuating results.
                          • Share Price & Shareholder Rights – risks related to things that impact share prices and the rights of shareholders, including analyst ratings, major shareholder activity, trade volatility, liquidity of shares, anti-takeover provisions, international listing, dual listing.
                          • Debt & Financing – risks related to debt, funding, financing and interest rates, financial investments.
                          • Corporate Activity and Growth – risks related to restructuring, M&As, joint ventures, execution of corporate strategy, strategic alliances.
                          2. Legal & Regulatory
                          • Litigation and Legal Liabilities – risks related to litigation/ lawsuits against the company.
                          • Regulation – risks related to compliance, GDPR, and new legislation.
                          • Environmental / Social – risks related to environmental regulation and to data privacy.
                          • Taxation & Government Incentives – risks related to taxation and changes in government incentives.
                          3. Production
                          • Costs – risks related to costs of production including commodity prices, future contracts, inventory.
                          • Supply Chain – risks related to the company’s suppliers.
                          • Manufacturing – risks related to the company’s manufacturing process including product quality and product recalls.
                          • Human Capital – risks related to recruitment, training and retention of key employees, employee relationships & unions labor disputes, pension, and post retirement benefits, medical, health and welfare benefits, employee misconduct, employee litigation.
                          4. Technology & Innovation
                          • Innovation / R&D – risks related to innovation and new product development.
                          • Technology – risks related to the company’s reliance on technology.
                          • Cyber Security – risks related to securing the company’s digital assets and from cyber attacks.
                          • Trade Secrets & Patents – risks related to the company’s ability to protect its intellectual property and to infringement claims against the company as well as piracy and unlicensed copying.
                          5. Ability to Sell
                          • Demand – risks related to the demand of the company’s goods and services including seasonality, reliance on key customers.
                          • Competition – risks related to the company’s competition including substitutes.
                          • Sales & Marketing – risks related to sales, marketing, and distribution channels, pricing, and market penetration.
                          • Brand & Reputation – risks related to the company’s brand and reputation.
                          6. Macro & Political
                          • Economy & Political Environment – risks related to changes in economic and political conditions.
                          • Natural and Human Disruptions – risks related to catastrophes, floods, storms, terror, earthquakes, coronavirus pandemic/COVID-19.
                          • International Operations – risks related to the global nature of the company.
                          • Capital Markets – risks related to exchange rates and trade, cryptocurrency.
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